All About Circuits

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Special-purpose Diodes

Special-purpose Diodes

Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…


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Digital Display Circuits

Digital Display Circuits

What is the purpose of a seven-segment decoder circuit? What is a…


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Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…


Textbook

Digital Lab - 7-segment LED Display

Digital Lab - 7-segment LED Display

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will control a 7-segment binary-coded decimal (BCD) display and learn about active-low and active-high logic inputs.


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Design Project: LED Stroboscope

Design Project: LED Stroboscope

A technician uses a stroboscope to “freeze” the rotation of a…


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Si Lab - Bipolar Transistor as a Switch

Si Lab - Bipolar Transistor as a Switch

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) to switch an LED and learn about the current their amplification.


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555 Lab - Blue LED Flasher With Voltage Doubler

555 Lab - Blue LED Flasher With Voltage Doubler

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a blue LED flasher using a 555 timer and learn the basic theory of a voltage doubler using a transistor switch and a capacitor.


Textbook

Si Lab - Light Sensor (LED Photodetector)

Si Lab - Light Sensor (LED Photodetector)

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use an LED as a light-sensitive photodetector and learn how to use a bipolar transistor in a common-emitter amplifier configuration.


Textbook

Karnaugh Mapping

Karnaugh Mapping

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…


Worksheets - Fiber Optics

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a red LED flasher with a transistor drive to control the current and learn how to use transistors to provide current gain and how to limit LED current.


Textbook

Special-purpose Diodes

Special-purpose Diodes

Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…


Textbook

555 Lab - Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a red LED flasher and learn a useful application of the versatile 555 timer IC.


Textbook

Series LED Resistor Calculator

Series LED Resistor Calculator

This series LED resistance calculator is perfect for when you have a single LED or a number of the same color of LEDs in series and need to know which resistor you should use.


Tools

Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a digital combination lock with LED output indicators and learn about XOR gate functionality and how to implement NOR logic functionality using diodes.


Textbook

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…


Textbook

Digital Lab - 7-segment LED Display

Digital Lab - 7-segment LED Display

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will control a 7-segment binary-coded decimal (BCD) display and learn about active-low and active-high logic inputs.


Textbook

Optoelectronic Devices

Optoelectronic Devices

In this circuit, the electric motor is supposed to turn on whenever…


Worksheets - Fiber Optics

Convert MCD to Lumens

Convert MCD to Lumens

This calculator is useful for calculating the luminous flux for LEDs where the angle is known.


Tools

Display Tubes

Display Tubes

In addition to performing tasks of amplification and switching, tubes…


Textbook

Digital Display Circuits

Digital Display Circuits

What is the purpose of a seven-segment decoder circuit? What is a…


Worksheets - Fiber Optics

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test an automated circuit that sequentially flashes 10 LED, and learn about counters, frequency dividers, and switch debouncing.


Textbook

Synchronous Motors

Synchronous Motors

Single Phase Synchronous Motors Single-phase synchronous motors are…


Textbook

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.


Textbook

Microstrip Impedance Calculator

Microstrip Impedance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a microstrip.


Tools

R, L and C Summary

R, L and C Summary

With the notable exception of calculations for power (P), all AC…


Textbook

Elementary Amplifier Theory

Elementary Amplifier Theory

Fundamentally, an amplifier is a device that takes in a low-power…


Worksheets - Fiber Optics

Frequency and Phase Measurement

Frequency and Phase Measurement

An important electrical quantity with no equivalent in DC circuits is…


Textbook

Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Fiber Optics

Simulating JFET Circuits Using LTspice

Simulating JFET Circuits Using LTspice

Learn about junction field effect transistors (JFETs), their equations, and how to model and simulate JFETs in LTspice.


Textbook

Analog Lab - Non-inverting Amplifier

Analog Lab - Non-inverting Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a programmable non-inverting amplifier and learn how to use the negative feedback of an operational amplifier to control the gain.


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Dielectric Strengths for Insulators

Dielectric Strengths for Insulators

Dielectric strength in kilovolts per inch (kV/in): Material*…


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Voltage Regulation

Voltage Regulation

As we saw in a few SPICE analyses earlier in this chapter, the output…


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Radicals

Radicals

Definition of a Radical Given the expression where “x” is…


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Phasing

Phasing

Since transformers are essentially AC devices, we need to be aware of…


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Relay Construction

Relay Construction

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…


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The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

What Is a R/2nR DAC Circuit? The R/2nR DAC circuit, otherwise known as…


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Design Project: Audio Tone Control

Design Project: Audio Tone Control

Suppose you were installing a high-power stereo system in your car,…


Worksheets - Fiber Optics

Rectifier Circuits

Rectifier Circuits

What is Rectification? Now we come to the most popular application of…


Textbook

Building Resistor Circuits Using Breadboards, Perfboards, and Terminal Strips

Building Resistor Circuits Using Breadboards, Perfboards, and Terminal Strips

Over the course of learning about electricity, you will want to…


Textbook

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Class B push-pull audio amplifier to drive a speaker and learn about crossover distortion and how to minimize it using negative feedback.


Textbook

AC Waveforms

AC Waveforms

When an alternator produces AC voltage, the voltage switches polarity…


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Performance-Based Assessments for Basic Electricity Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Basic Electricity Competencies

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Worksheets - Fiber Optics

Special-purpose Batteries

Special-purpose Batteries

Mercury Standard Cell Back in the early days of electrical measurement…


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