Protective relays are special power-sensing devices whose job it is to…
We can construct a simple logic functions for our hypothetical lamp…
Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…
PARTS AND MATERIALS Two AAA Batteries Battery Clip (Radio Shack…
A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…
Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Ladder diagrams are specialized schematics commonly used to document…
Any kind of switch contact can be designed so that the contacts…
How is it possible to electrically measure the torque output by a…
All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of…
The discovery of the relationship between magnetism and electricity…
Most students of electricity begin their study with what is known as…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…
Logic circuits, whether comprised of electromechanical relays or…
In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as…
Single Phase Synchronous Motors Single-phase synchronous motors are…
Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…
A special type of relay is one that monitors the current, voltage,…
Protective relays are special power-sensing devices whose job it is to…
Suppose you were to take a 3 kW electric heater rated for 240 VAC and…
A switch can be constructed with any mechanism bringing two conductors…
As we saw in a few SPICE analyses earlier in this chapter, the output…
All About Diodes A diode is an electrical device allowing current to…
Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…
So far, we’ve observed simulations of transformers where the…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Bipolar junction transistors (Also known as BJTs) can be used as an…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
PARTS AND MATERIALS Steel flat bar, 4 pieces Miscellaneous bolts,…
Electromechanical relays used to start and stop high-power electric…
Since three-phase is used so often for power distribution systems, it…
PARTS AND MATERIALS Audio detector with headphones Electromagnet coil…
Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…
PARTS AND MATERIALS One 12AX7 dual triode vacuum tube Two power…
PARTS AND MATERIALS Two 6-volt batteries One NPN…
What would happen to this meter movement, if connected directly to a…
PARTS AND MATERIALS Two 6-volt batteries Three NPN…
Phase shift oscillator. R1C1, R2C2, and R3C3 each provide 60° of…
Parts and Materials 6-volt battery 6-volt incandescent…
TTL Circuit Analysis Let’s examine the following TTL circuit and…
What, exactly, is necessary to establish electrical continuity between…
Whenever there is a mismatch of impedance between transmission line…
What is Attenuators? Attenuators are passive devices. It is…
A practical application of switch and relay logic is in control…
Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…
RELATED WORKSHEET: Calculus for Electric…
Complementary Output Gates It is sometimes desirable to have a logic…
Many different equations used in the analysis of electric circuits may…
A common phrase heard in reference to electrical safety goes something…
PARTS AND MATERIALS Length of bare (uninsulated) copper wire Length of…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
This calculates the capacitance of a capacitor based on its charge, Q, and its voltage, V, according to the formula, C=Q/V.
This calculator calculates the resistivity of a component based on its resistance value, length, and cross-sectional area.
Connecting digital circuitry to sensor devices is simple if the sensor…
Let’s take the following example circuit and analyze it: …
