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555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.

AC Instrumentation Transducers

Textbook

Just as devices have been made to measure certain physical quantities…

Performance-Based Assessments for Digital Circuit Competencies

Worksheets - Relays

(Template)

AC Motor Control Circuits

Worksheets - Relays

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…

Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Textbook

Any kind of switch contact can be designed so that the contacts…

Latch Circuits

Worksheets - Relays

What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…

Special-output Gates

Textbook

Complementary Output Gates It is sometimes desirable to have a logic…

Motor Control Circuits

Textbook

The interlock contacts installed in the previous section’s motor…

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Textbook

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…

Electromagnetism

Textbook

The discovery of the relationship between magnetism and electricity…

DC Motor Control Circuits

Worksheets - Relays

How is it possible to electrically measure the torque output by a…

Switch Types

Textbook

Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…

Protective Relays

Textbook

A special type of relay is one that monitors the current, voltage,…

Permissive and Interlock Circuits

Textbook

A practical application of switch and relay logic is in control…

“Ladder” Diagrams

Textbook

Ladder diagrams are specialized schematics commonly used to document…

Monostable Multivibrators

Textbook

We’ve already seen one example of a monostable multivibrator in…

Encoders and Decoders

Worksheets - Relays

What does it mean, in general terms, to encode something? Conversely,…

Arc Flash and Arc Blast

Worksheets - Relays

Electromechanical relays used to start and stop high-power electric…

Flip-Flop Circuits

Worksheets - Relays

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…

Relay Construction

Textbook

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…

Reluctance Motor

Textbook

The variable reluctance motor is based on the principle that an…

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Textbook

Every meter impacts the circuit it is measuring to some extent, just…

Fuses

Textbook

Normally, the ampacity rating of a conductor is a circuit design…

The S-R Latch

Textbook

A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…

Wound Rotor Induction Motors

Textbook

A wound rotor induction motor has a stator like a squirrel cage…

The TRIAC

Textbook

SCRs are unidirectional (one-way) current devices, making them useful…

DC Motor Theory

Worksheets - Relays

If the ends of a wire loop are attached to two half-circular metal…

AC Motor Control Circuits

Worksheets - Relays

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…

Lorentz Force Calculator

Tools

This calculator will determine the combined Lorentz force exerted on a charged particle moving through both an electric field and a magnetic field.

What is Alternating Current (AC)?

Textbook

Most students of electricity begin their study with what is known as…

Heat Sink Calculator

Tools

This calculator helps determine the maximum temperature a device can withstand

Light-Pulse Switch

Worksheets - Relays

It is fairly important to use large value resistors (10 MΩ works…

Lenz’s Law and Faraday’s Law Calculator

Tools

This calculator uses Faraday's and Lenz's laws to calculate the magnitude and polarity of the induced electromotive force (EMF) caused by a change in magnetic flux through a closed-loop coil.

Pulse Width Modulation

Textbook

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…

Protective Relays

Textbook

A special type of relay is one that monitors the current, voltage,…

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Worksheets - Relays

Calculate the voltage output by the secondary winding of a transformer…

Other Specialized Motors

Textbook

Shaded Pole Induction Motor An easy way to provide starting torque to…

Inductive Reactance

Worksheets - Relays

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Si Lab - Bipolar Transistor as a Switch

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) to switch an LED and learn about the current their amplification.

Winding Configurations

Textbook

Transformers with Multiple Secondaries Transformers are very versatile…

Microstrip Trace Width Calculator

Tools

This tool is designed to compute for the trace width of a microstrip

DC Motor Theory

Worksheets - Relays

If the ends of a wire loop are attached to two half-circular metal…

Balanced Attenuator Calculator

Tools

This balanced attenuator calculator helps you determine the resistor (R1) values for a balanced attenuator.

Time Constant Circuits

Worksheets - Relays

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

AC Capacitor Circuits

Textbook

Capacitors Vs. Resistors Capacitors do not behave the same as…

Diode Switching Circuits

Textbook

Diodes can perform switching and digital logic operations. Forward and…

Likely Failures in Unproven Systems

Textbook

“All men are liable to error;” —John Locke Whereas…

Wire-by-Number project kit introduction

Worksheets - Relays

Wire-by-Number project: simple voltage divider Description: Build a…

pH Measurement

Textbook

A very important measurement in many liquid chemical processes…

Converting Between Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits

Textbook

Since Thevenin’s theorem and Norton’s theorems are two…

Comparator with Hysteresis (Schmitt Trigger) Calculator

Tools

This calculator will compute the required resistor ratio (R2/R1) and reference voltage (VREF) to create the desired high (VTH) and low (VTL) threshold voltages in a non-inverting comparator circuit with hysteresis (commonly called a Schmitt trigger).

DC Lab - Potentiometer Voltage Divider

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use potentiometers to vary a voltage and learn about voltage divider ratios and potentiometer applications.

Tube Parameters

Textbook

For bipolar junction transistors, the fundamental measure of…

Electrical Noise and Interference

Worksheets - Relays

Define what noise means, in the electrical sense of the word. How does…

Si Lab - Intro to Discrete Semiconductor Circuits

Textbook

In these hands-on semiconductor electronics experiments, learn to build and test circuits using discrete silicon (Si) devices, including diodes and transistors. Also, learn important circuit designs, including rectifiers, current mirrors, amplifiers, and oscillators.

Introduction to Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors

Textbook

As was stated in the last chapter, there is more than one type of…

Coax Inductance Calculator

Tools

A calculator for computing the inductance of a coaxial cable.

Circuit Wiring

Textbook

So far, we’ve been analyzing single-battery, single-resistor…

Open-Loop OpAmp Circuits

Worksheets - Relays

Determine what the magnitude and polarity of the voltmeter’s…

Potentiometers

Worksheets - Relays

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…