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TTL Logic Gates

TTL Logic Gates

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


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Monostable Multivibrators

Monostable Multivibrators

We’ve already seen one example of a monostable multivibrator in…


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Time Constant Calculations

Time Constant Calculations

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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High Voltage Ohmmeters

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…


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Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

What does the normal status of an electrical switch refer to?…


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AC Instrumentation Transducers

AC Instrumentation Transducers

Just as devices have been made to measure certain physical quantities…


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Inductor Commutating Circuits

Inductor Commutating Circuits

A popular use of diodes is for the mitigation of inductive…


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Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…


Textbook

Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Any kind of switch contact can be designed so that the contacts…


Textbook

Thyristor Application Circuits

Thyristor Application Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Switch Types

Switch Types

Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…


Textbook

Latch Circuits

Latch Circuits

What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…


Worksheets - Relays

DC Generator Theory

DC Generator Theory

Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…


Worksheets - Relays

Contactors

Contactors

All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of…


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Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…


Worksheets - Relays

Linear Computational Circuitry

Linear Computational Circuitry

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Relays

Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism

The discovery of the relationship between magnetism and electricity…


Textbook

Inductive Reactance

Inductive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


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Flip-Flop Circuits

Flip-Flop Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Relays

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

(Template)


Worksheets - Relays

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…


Textbook

AC Lab - Induction Motor

AC Lab - Induction Motor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.


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Synchronous Motors

Synchronous Motors

Single Phase Synchronous Motors Single-phase synchronous motors are…


Textbook

Lorentz Force Calculator

Lorentz Force Calculator

This calculator will determine the combined Lorentz force exerted on a charged particle moving through both an electric field and a magnetic field.


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AC Motor Theory

AC Motor Theory

Electromechanical watt-hour meters use an aluminum disk that is spun…


Worksheets - Relays

Protective Relay Circuits

Protective Relay Circuits

Protective relays are special power-sensing devices whose job it is to…


Worksheets - Relays

Impedance Matching With Transformers

Impedance Matching With Transformers

Suppose you were to take a 3 kW electric heater rated for 240 VAC and…


Worksheets - Relays

Other Specialized Motors

Other Specialized Motors

Shaded Pole Induction Motor An easy way to provide starting torque to…


Textbook

Si Lab - Commutating Diode

Si Lab - Commutating Diode

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple circuit that will teach you how to use a commutating diode to reduce inductive kickback.


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Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Most AC motors are induction motors. Induction motors are favored due…


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Switches, Electrically Actuated (Relays)

Switches, Electrically Actuated (Relays)

The structure behind ladder logic is based on the electrical ladder…


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Motor Control Circuits

Motor Control Circuits

The interlock contacts installed in the previous section’s motor…


Textbook

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.


Textbook

Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave rectifier for AC to DC conversion and learn about center-tapped transformers.


Textbook

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

What is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), and what…


Worksheets - Relays

High Voltage Ohmmeters

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…


Textbook

Switch Contact Design

Switch Contact Design

A switch can be constructed with any mechanism bringing two conductors…


Textbook

Arc Flash and Arc Blast

Arc Flash and Arc Blast

Electromechanical relays used to start and stop high-power electric…


Worksheets - Relays

Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism

The discovery of the relationship between magnetism and electricity…


Textbook

Logic Signal Voltage Levels

Logic Signal Voltage Levels

Input Voltages for Logic Gates Logic gate circuits are designed to…


Textbook

Coax Inductance Calculator

Coax Inductance Calculator

A calculator for computing the inductance of a coaxial cable.


Tools

Multiple-input Gates

Multiple-input Gates

The Use of Logic Gate Inverters and buffers exhaust the possibilities…


Textbook

Converting Truth Tables into Boolean Expressions

Converting Truth Tables into Boolean Expressions

In designing digital circuits, the designer often begins with a truth…


Textbook

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a red LED flasher with a transistor drive to control the current and learn how to use transistors to provide current gain and how to limit LED current.


Textbook

Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

A handy all-in-one tool for reading resistor color code values for a 4 band resistor, 5 band resistor, or 6 band resistor.


Tools

Specific Troubleshooting Techniques

Specific Troubleshooting Techniques

After applying some of the general troubleshooting tips to narrow the…


Textbook

Complex Number Arithmetic

Complex Number Arithmetic

Since complex numbers are legitimate mathematical entities, just like…


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Microwave Tubes

Microwave Tubes

For extremely high-frequency applications (above 1 GHz), the…


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Parallel Circuit Rules

Parallel Circuit Rules

Voltage Components in a parallel circuit share the same voltage:…


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Multiplexers

Multiplexers

A multiplexer, abbreviated mux, is a device that has multiple inputs…


Textbook

Contributors (7)

Contributors (7)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


Textbook

Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction

While Oersted’s surprising discovery of electromagnetism paved…


Textbook

Performance-Based Assessments for Network Analysis Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Network Analysis Competencies


Worksheets - Relays

Scientific Notation and Metric Prefixes

Scientific Notation and Metric Prefixes

Write the following exponential expressions in expanded form: 101 =…


Worksheets - Relays

Voltage Regulation

Voltage Regulation

As we saw in a few SPICE analyses earlier in this chapter, the output…


Textbook

Thermocouples

Thermocouples

Seebeck Effect An interesting phenomenon applied in the field of…


Textbook

Transistor Biasing Calculations

Transistor Biasing Calculations

Although transistor switching circuits operate without bias, it is…


Textbook

Attenuators

Attenuators

What is Attenuators? Attenuators are passive devices. It is…


Textbook

Capacitance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

Capacitance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

A calculator for solving the capacitance, reactance, and admittance of a capacitor.


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