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Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…


Textbook

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Calculate the voltage output by the secondary winding of a transformer…


Worksheets - PLCs

AC Lab - Sensing AC Magnetic Fields

AC Lab - Sensing AC Magnetic Fields

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will sense AC magnetic fields using a simple wire coil and learn about AC signal coupling, orientation effects, and the impact of shielding using different materials.


Textbook

The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

Shockley Diodes and Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) Shockley…


Textbook

Winding Configurations

Winding Configurations

Transformers with Multiple Secondaries Transformers are very versatile…


Textbook

Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Most AC motors are induction motors. Induction motors are favored due…


Textbook

Pressure Unit Conversion Calculator

Pressure Unit Conversion Calculator

This calculator will convert pressure values to ten different standard units for pressure.


Tools

Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an audio amplifier using a vacuum tube (triode) and learn about voltage transformers, how to build a high-voltage DC power supply, and how to use a transformer for impedance matching.


Textbook

Network Topology

Network Topology

Point-to-Point Connecting two digital devices with a network, would…


Textbook

DC Lab - Thermoelectricity

DC Lab - Thermoelectricity

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a thermocouple to measure temperature changes and learn about the Seebeck effect.


Textbook

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Calculate the equivalent resistance of up to six resistors in parallel with ease while learning how to calculate resistance in parallel and the parallel resistance formula.


Tools

Semiconductor Manufacturing Techniques

Semiconductor Manufacturing Techniques

The manufacture of only silicon based semiconductors is described…


Textbook

Lenz’s Law and Faraday’s Law Calculator

Lenz’s Law and Faraday’s Law Calculator

This calculator uses Faraday's and Lenz's laws to calculate the magnitude and polarity of the induced electromotive force (EMF) caused by a change in magnetic flux through a closed-loop coil.


Tools

High Voltage Ohmmeters

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…


Textbook

Kirchhoff’s Laws

Kirchhoff’s Laws

Many electronic circuits use what is called a split or a dual power…


Worksheets - PLCs

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…


Textbook

Relay Construction

Relay Construction

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…


Textbook

AC Lab - Induction Motor

AC Lab - Induction Motor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.


Textbook

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…


Textbook

DC Lab - Potentiometer as a Rheostat

DC Lab - Potentiometer as a Rheostat

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use a potentiometer as a variable resistor to control the speed of a motor and learn how to connect a potentiometer as a rheostat.


Textbook

ElectroStatic Discharge

ElectroStatic Discharge

At the start of this book, we discussed static electricity and how it…


Textbook

Multiple-input Gates

Multiple-input Gates

The Use of Logic Gate Inverters and buffers exhaust the possibilities…


Textbook

Coefficients of Specific Resistance

Coefficients of Specific Resistance

Specific resistance at 20o C:  Material Element/Alloy ohm-cmil/ft…


Textbook

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Calculate the equivalent resistance of up to six resistors in parallel with ease while learning how to calculate resistance in parallel and the parallel resistance formula.


Tools

Special-purpose Batteries

Special-purpose Batteries

Mercury Standard Cell Back in the early days of electrical measurement…


Textbook

Critical Temperatures for Superconductors

Critical Temperatures for Superconductors

Critical temperatures given in Kelvins Material Element/Alloy Critical…


Textbook

Voltage Divider Calculator

Voltage Divider Calculator

The voltage divider is a circuit used to create a voltage less than or equal to the input voltage.


Tools

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ohmmeter to Measure Resistance

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ohmmeter to Measure Resistance

In this hands-on introduction to electronics, you will experiment with a multimeter and learn how to measure resistance using the ohmmeter function.


Textbook

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…


Worksheets - PLCs

Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

Note the “50 ohm” rating printed on the jacket of the cable. What…


Worksheets - PLCs

Si Lab - JFET Switching Circuit and Static Electricity Sensor

Si Lab - JFET Switching Circuit and Static Electricity Sensor

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) to build a sensitive switching circuit and learn about JFET current gain.


Textbook

Conversion From Decimal Numeration

Conversion From Decimal Numeration

Because octal and hexadecimal numeration systems have bases that are…


Textbook

Introduction to Boolean Algebra

Introduction to Boolean Algebra

Mathematical rules are based on the defining limits we place on the…


Textbook

Microwave Tubes

Microwave Tubes

For extremely high-frequency applications (above 1 GHz), the…


Textbook

Millman’s Theorem

Millman’s Theorem

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - PLCs

The Tetrode

The Tetrode

As the name suggests, the tetrode tube contains four elements: cathode…


Textbook

Conductor Size

Conductor Size

It should be common-sense knowledge that liquids flow through…


Textbook

Trigonometry for AC Circuits

Trigonometry for AC Circuits

Identify which trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, or tangent) are…


Worksheets - PLCs

Stripline Crosstalk Calculator

Stripline Crosstalk Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate cross-talk coefficient and coupled voltage for a stripline


Tools

Contributors (13)

Contributors (13)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


Textbook

Ideal Diode Current and Voltage Calculator

Ideal Diode Current and Voltage Calculator

This calculator solves for any single missing value in the ideal diode I-V equation for a forward-biased PN-junction diode. Parameters are current, saturation current, voltage, temperature, and ideality factor.


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