2-wire analog outputs with precision DACs
3-wire analog outputs with precision DACs
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If a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal is sent to a passive…
A rheostat (variable resistor) and a switch are both examples of…
Also known as the stairstep-ramp, or simply counter A/D converter,…
The R/2R DAC circuit is an alternative to the binary-weighted-input…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Parametric data for all semiconductor op-amp models except the CA3130…
One method of addressing the digital ramp ADC’s shortcomings is the…
Also called the parallel A/D converter, this circuit is the simplest…
∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…
The circuit in the previous section is not a very practical one. In…
Diodes can perform switching and digital logic operations. Forward and…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…
Connecting digital circuitry to sensor devices is simple if the sensor…
What are Time-Delay Relays? Some relays are constructed with a kind of…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Like all diodes, Shockley diodes are unidirectional devices; that is,…
Like all electrical and electronic components, transistors are limited…
Fundamentally, an amplifier is a device that takes in a low-power…
If vectors with uncommon angles are added, their magnitudes (lengths)…
To enter numbers in scientific notation into a hand calculator, there…
Learn About L/R Time Constants It is often perplexing to new students…
Capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, and…
Thyristors are a class of semiconductor components exhibiting…
Let’s analyze a simple series circuit and determine the voltage…
In the course of learning about electricity, you will want to…
Our next transistor configuration to study is a bit simpler for gain…
PARTS AND MATERIALS Two 6-volt batteries One NPN transistor—models…
Because batteries create current flow in a circuit by exchanging…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
So far, we’ve observed simulations of transformers where the…
The electrons of different types of atoms have different degrees of…
We can take the same components from the series circuit and rearrange…
A switch can be constructed with any mechanism bringing two conductors…
PARTS AND MATERIALS One 12AX7 dual triode vacuum tube Two power…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
As we saw in a few SPICE analyses earlier in this chapter, the output…
Perhaps the most ingenious technique was that of the delay line. A…
An LED resistance calculator is perfect for when you have a single LED and need to know which resistor you should use.
Let’s connect three AC voltage sources in series and use complex…
Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…
Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…
As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration…
Capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, and…
Guidelines to Series-Parallel Combination Circuit Analysis The goal of…
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It may seem difficult to even start on a project such as this, with no…
