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Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave rectifier for AC to DC conversion and learn about center-tapped transformers.

Fail-safe Design

Textbook

Logic circuits, whether comprised of electromechanical relays or…

Si Lab - Commutating Diode

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple circuit that will teach you how to use a commutating diode to reduce inductive kickback.

Switches

Worksheets - Switches

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?

Hysteresis

Textbook

Thyristors are a class of semiconductor components exhibiting…

Electromagnetism

Textbook

The discovery of the relationship between magnetism and electricity…

Performance-Based Assessments for Digital Circuit Competencies

Worksheets - Switches

(Template)

Flip-Flop Circuits

Worksheets - Switches

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…

Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will control a light with a switch and learn the basics of connecting toggle (on/off) switches into circuits.

AC Motor Control Circuits

Worksheets - Switches

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…

Switch Types

Textbook

Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.

AC Bridge Circuits

Textbook

As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration…

What is Alternating Current (AC)?

Textbook

Most students of electricity begin their study with what is known as…

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Worksheets - Switches

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…

CMOS Logic Gates

Worksheets - Switches

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…

Relay Construction

Textbook

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Textbook

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…

Resonance

Worksheets - Switches

The Q factor of a series inductive circuit is given by the following…

The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) as a Switch

Textbook

Bipolar junction transistors (Also known as BJTs) can be used as an…

Protective Relay Circuits

Worksheets - Switches

Protective relays are special power-sensing devices whose job it is to…

Linear Computational Circuitry

Worksheets - Switches

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

TTL Logic Gates

Worksheets - Switches

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…

CMOS Logic Gates

Worksheets - Switches

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…

AC Commutator Motors

Textbook

Charles Proteus Steinmetz’s first job after arriving in America…

Latch Circuits

Worksheets - Switches

What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…

Winding Configurations

Textbook

Transformers with Multiple Secondaries Transformers are very versatile…

Si Lab - Commutating Diode

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple circuit that will teach you how to use a commutating diode to reduce inductive kickback.

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Textbook

Every meter impacts the circuit it is measuring to some extent, just…

Pulse Width Modulation

Textbook

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…

Time-delay Relays

Textbook

What are Time-Delay Relays? Some relays are constructed with a kind of…

Switches, Electrically Actuated (Relays)

Textbook

The structure behind ladder logic is based on the electrical ladder…

Selsyn (Synchro) Motors

Textbook

Normally, the rotor windings of a wound rotor induction motor are…

Three-phase Transformer Circuits

Textbook

Since three-phase is used so often for power distribution systems, it…

Step-up and Step-down Transformers

Textbook

So far, we’ve observed simulations of transformers where the…

Polyphase Motor Design

Textbook

AC Motors Perhaps the most important benefit of polyphase AC power…

Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

Worksheets - Switches

What does the normal status of an electrical switch refer to?…

Special-output Gates

Textbook

Complementary Output Gates It is sometimes desirable to have a logic…

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Textbook

Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…

Thyristor Application Circuits

Worksheets - Switches

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Applying Ohm’s Law—Rules and Methods for Circuit Analysis

Textbook

When analyzing complex series and parallel circuits, it is easy to…

Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Worksheets - Switches

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…

Control Circuits

Textbook

Transistors, Bipolar

Textbook

There are not too many circuit symbols for bipolar transistors. There…

Encoder

Textbook

What is an Encoder? An encoder is a circuit that changes a set of…

Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Textbook

Let’s count from zero to twenty using four different kinds of…

Fundamentals of SPICE programming

Textbook

Programming a circuit simulation with SPICE is much like programming…

Trigonometry for AC Circuits

Worksheets - Switches

Identify which trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, or tangent) are…

Wheatstone Bridge Calculator

Tools

This calculator helps determine the resistance of a variable resistor within a Wheatstone bridge circuit or the differential voltage created across the bridge terminals.

Metric Prefixes and Unit Conversions

Textbook

Metric Prefixes   Yotta = 1024 Symbol: Y Zetta = 1021 Symbol: Z…

Si Lab - A Simple BJT Current Mirror Circuit

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple current mirror using matched bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and learn about current mirror circuit limitations, the temperature dependence of BJTs, and thermal runaway.

Critical Temperatures for Superconductors

Textbook

Critical temperatures given in Kelvins Material Element/Alloy Critical…

The Pentode

Textbook

Another strategy for addressing the problem of secondary electrons…

Asymmetric Stripline Impedance Calculator

Tools

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of an asymmetric stripline

Voltmeter Design

Worksheets - Switches

Suppose I were about to measure an unknown voltage with a manual-range…

DIY EE Lab - Setting Up a Home Electronics Lab

Textbook

To build the DIY electronics projects described in this textbook, you will need a small work area, a few tools, and some basic electronics supplies. This page describes the setup of a low-cost home electronics laboratory.

DC Lab - Capacitor Charging and Discharging

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build capacitor charging and discharging circuits and learn how to calculate the RC time constant of resistor-capacitor circuits.

Multimeters

Textbook

Seeing as how a common meter movement can be made to function as a…

Gate Universality

Textbook

NAND and NOR gates possess a special property: they are universal.…

Electrical Connections

Worksheets - Switches

What, exactly, is necessary to establish electrical continuity between…