What does the normal status of an electrical switch refer to?…
Logic circuits, whether comprised of electromechanical relays or…
PARTS AND MATERIALS Two AAA Batteries Battery Clip (Radio Shack…
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We can construct a simple logic functions for our hypothetical lamp…
PARTS AND MATERIALS One 12AX7 dual triode vacuum tube Two power…
A special type of relay is one that monitors the current, voltage,…
PARTS AND MATERIALS Two 6-volt batteries One NPN…
A practical application of switch and relay logic is in control…
A popular use of diodes is for the mitigation of inductive…
Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…
If we take the equivalent circuit of an SCR and add another external…
All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of…
“All men are liable to error;” —John Locke Whereas…
Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…
Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…
What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…
Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…
Bipolar junction transistors (Also known as BJTs) can be used as an…
In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as…
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Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…
Just as devices have been made to measure certain physical quantities…
The Q factor of a series inductive circuit is given by the following…
Electromechanical watt-hour meters use an aluminum disk that is spun…
Learning Objectives Rheostat use Wiring a potentiometer as a rheostat…
PARTS AND MATERIALS 6 volt battery Power transformer, 120VAC step-down…
Synchronous motors load the power line with a leading power factor.…
The interlock contacts installed in the previous section’s motor…
PARTS AND MATERIALS 6-volt battery Low-voltage incandescent lamp…
Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…
Most students of electricity begin their study with what is known as…
A calculator for computing several parameters needed in the design of a flyback switch mode regulator
A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…
PARTS AND MATERIALS 4001 quad NOR gate (Radio Shack catalog #…
Charles Proteus Steinmetz’s first job after arriving in America…
What are Time-Delay Relays? Some relays are constructed with a kind of…
The structure behind ladder logic is based on the electrical ladder…
In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as…
Has the system ever worked before? If yes, has anything happened to…
You might have noticed on the table for specific resistances that all…
Who Developed the Karnaugh Map? Maurice Karnaugh, a…
So far in our discussions on electricity and electric circuits, we…
Most AC motors are induction motors. Induction motors are favored due…
PARTS AND MATERIALS Low-voltage AC power supply (6 volt output) Four…
Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…
What is an Encoder? An encoder is a circuit that changes a set of…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
A transmission line of infinite length is an interesting abstraction,…
A third variation on the counter-DAC-based converter theme is, in my…
Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…
Reactive Power We know that reactive loads such as inductors and…
This calculator will determine the correct antenna downtilt angle given the heights of the antennas and distance between them.
Typically, complex circuits are not arranged in nice, neat, clean…
PARTS AND MATERIALS One N-channel junction field-effect transistor,…
What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?
Remember that this tutorial is not exhaustive by any means, and that…
Up to this point we have considered logic reduction problems where…
Another variation on a theme of bistable multivibrators is the J-K…
