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Fail-safe Design

Textbook

Logic circuits, whether comprised of electromechanical relays or…

AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

Textbook

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a 12 V alternating current (AC) power supply using a step-down transformer and learn about transformer operation and the purpose of tapped windings.

What is Alternating Current (AC)?

Textbook

Most students of electricity begin their study with what is known as…

Inductor Commutating Circuits

Textbook

A popular use of diodes is for the mitigation of inductive…

Miscellaneous Diode Applications

Worksheets - Switches

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Worksheets - Switches

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…

Flyback Switch Mode Regulator Calculator

Tools

A calculator for computing several parameters needed in the design of a flyback switch mode regulator

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Worksheets - Switches

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…

Switch Contact Design

Textbook

A switch can be constructed with any mechanism bringing two conductors…

Protective Relays

Textbook

A special type of relay is one that monitors the current, voltage,…

TTL Logic Gates

Worksheets - Switches

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…

Hysteresis

Textbook

Thyristors are a class of semiconductor components exhibiting…

Thyristor Application Circuits

Worksheets - Switches

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Relay Construction

Textbook

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…

AC Bridge Circuits

Textbook

As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration…

Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will control a light with a switch and learn the basics of connecting toggle (on/off) switches into circuits.

The Silicon-Controlled Switch (SCS)

Textbook

If we take the equivalent circuit of an SCR and add another external…

DC Generator Theory

Worksheets - Switches

Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…

Permissive and Interlock Circuits

Textbook

A practical application of switch and relay logic is in control…

Electromagnetism

Textbook

The discovery of the relationship between magnetism and electricity…

Solid-state Relays

Textbook

Limitations of Electromechanical Relays As versatile as…

Series and Parallel AC Circuits

Worksheets - Switches

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Three-phase Transformer Circuits

Textbook

Since three-phase is used so often for power distribution systems, it…

Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Textbook

Most AC motors are induction motors. Induction motors are favored due…

Switch Contact Design

Textbook

A switch can be constructed with any mechanism bringing two conductors…

Step-up and Step-down Transformers

Textbook

So far, we’ve observed simulations of transformers where the…

Polyphase Motor Design

Textbook

AC Motors Perhaps the most important benefit of polyphase AC power…

AC Motor Theory

Worksheets - Switches

Electromechanical watt-hour meters use an aluminum disk that is spun…

Lorentz Force Calculator

Tools

This calculator will determine the combined Lorentz force exerted on a charged particle moving through both an electric field and a magnetic field.

Switches

Worksheets - Switches

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Textbook

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…

The S-R Latch

Textbook

A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…

Digital Logic Functions

Textbook

We can construct a simple logic functions for our hypothetical lamp…

Torque Conversion Calculator

Tools

A tool designed to convert between units of torque

Protective Relays

Textbook

A special type of relay is one that monitors the current, voltage,…

Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an audio amplifier using a vacuum tube (triode) and learn about voltage transformers, how to build a high-voltage DC power supply, and how to use a transformer for impedance matching.

Electromechanical Relay Logic

Worksheets - Switches

In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as…

Inductive Reactance

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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Si Lab - Bipolar Transistor as a Switch

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) to switch an LED and learn about the current their amplification.

DC Generator Theory

Worksheets - Switches

Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…

Symmetric Stripline Impedance Calculator

Tools

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a symmetric stripline.

History of SPICE

Textbook

SPICE is a computer program designed to simulate analog electronic…

Relay Construction

Textbook

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…

Reluctance Motor

Textbook

The variable reluctance motor is based on the principle that an…

BJT Quirks

Textbook

An ideal transistor would show 0% distortion in amplifying a signal.…

Introduction to Junction Field-effect Transistors (JFET)

Textbook

A transistor is a semiconductor device that controls current with the…

RF Power Ratio Conversion Calculator

Tools

This tool is designed to convert power ratios to decibel

Current Divider Circuits

Worksheets - Switches

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

DC Branch Current Analysis

Worksheets - Switches

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Hyperbolic Functions

Textbook

Note: all angles (x) must be expressed in units of radians for these…

Transistor Ratings and Packages (BJT)

Textbook

Like all electrical and electronic components, transistors are limited…

Autotransformers

Worksheets - Switches

How much voltage is there between the following pairs of points in…

Electrical Noise and Interference

Worksheets - Switches

Define what noise means, in the electrical sense of the word. How does…

Voltage, Current, and Resistance

Worksheets - Switches

Voltage is commonly defined as “electrical pressure.” The unit of…

Don’t Care Cells in the Karnaugh Map

Textbook

Up to this point we have considered logic reduction problems where…

Digital Lab - Introduction

Textbook

In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test digital circuits and learn the fundamentals of digital logic circuits, including gates, counters, logic levels, hysteresis, memory, and more.

Current Mirror BJTs

Textbook

Bipolar Junction Transistor or BJT Current Mirror An often-used…

Design Project: AC-DC Power Supply

Worksheets - Switches

Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…

Binary Addition

Textbook

The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

Worksheets - Switches

It is a common phenomenon for the electrical resistance of a substance…