Finite State Machines

Up to now, every circuit that was presented was a combinatorial…

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Embedded Microstrip Impedance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of an embedded microstrip.

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Quantum Devices

Most integrated circuits are digital, based on MOS (CMOS) transistors.…

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Programmable Logic Technology

Define the following acronyms as they apply to digital logic circuits:…

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Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

A handy all-in-one tool for reading resistor color code values for a 4 band resistor, 5 band resistor, or 6 band resistor.

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Introduction to Shift Registers

Shift registers, like counters, are a form of sequential…

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Memory Devices

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…

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Binary Overflow

One caveat with signed binary numbers is that of overflow, where the…

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Microprocessor Programming

What is the difference between a JMP (“jump”) instruction and a…

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Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…

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Semiconductor Devices in SPICE

The SPICE (Simulation Program, Integrated Circuit Emphesis)…

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Si Lab - Intro to Discrete Semiconductor Circuits

In these hands-on semiconductor electronics experiments, learn to build and test circuits using discrete silicon (Si) devices, including diodes and transistors. Also, learn important circuit designs, including rectifiers, current mirrors, amplifiers, and oscillators.

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Binary Subtraction

We can subtract one binary number from another by using the standard…

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Practical considerations - Digital Communication

A principal consideration for industrial control networks, where the…

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Binary Addition

The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…

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Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…

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AC Motor Control Circuits

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…

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Negative Binary Numbers

With addition being easily accomplished, we can perform the operation…

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Performance-Based Assessments for Semiconductor Circuit Competencies

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Look-up Tables

Having learned about digital memory devices in the last chapter, we…

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Gate Universality

NAND and NOR gates possess a special property: they are universal.…

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Making a Venn Diagram Look Like a Karnaugh Map

Starting with circle A in a rectangular A’ universe in figure…

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Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave bridge rectifier using silicon diodes and learn some of this circuit's advantages and disadvantages.

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Electrical Conduction in Semiconductors

In any electrically conductive substance, what are charge carriers?…

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Polyphase Motor Design

AC Motors Perhaps the most important benefit of polyphase AC power…

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Transistor Ratings and Packages (IGFET)

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Octal and Hexadecimal Numeration

Because binary numeration requires so many bits to represent…

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Inductance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

This calculator gives the reactance and admittance of an inductor or the inductance given the reactance of an inductor

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Potential Pitfalls

Fallacious reasoning and poor interpersonal relations account for more…

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Capacitor Impedance Calculator

This tool calculates a capacitor's reactance for a given capacitance value and signal frequency.

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Microstrip Crosstalk Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate cross-talk coefficient and coupled voltage for a microstrip.

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N-Way Power Divider Calculator

This calculator determines the total path loss provided by an RF n-way power splitter.

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Some Examples with AC Circuits

Let’s connect three AC voltage sources in series and use complex…

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An Analogy for Divided Feedback

A helpful analogy for understanding divided feedback amplifier…

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DC Motor Theory

If the ends of a wire loop are attached to two half-circular metal…

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Digital Ramp ADC

Also known as the stairstep-ramp, or simply counter A/D converter,…

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Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)

The Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (IGFET), also known as…

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Numbers and Symbols

The expression of numerical quantities is something we tend to take…

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Static Electricity

What does it mean for an object to have an electric charge? Give an…

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Contributors (8)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…

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