All About Circuits

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AC Instrumentation Transducers

AC Instrumentation Transducers

Just as devices have been made to measure certain physical quantities…


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Parallel Resistor Calculator

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Calculate the equivalent resistance of up to six resistors in parallel with ease while learning how to calculate resistance in parallel and the parallel resistance formula.


Tools

Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Calculator

Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Calculator

The instrumentation amplifier calculator will assist in the design and analysis of a conventional instrumentation amplifier circuit by calculating the required resistor values and gain.


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Synchronous Motors

Synchronous Motors

Single Phase Synchronous Motors Single-phase synchronous motors are…


Textbook

AC Commutator Motors

AC Commutator Motors

Charles Proteus Steinmetz’s first job after arriving in America…


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Reluctance Motor

Reluctance Motor

The variable reluctance motor is based on the principle that an…


Textbook

Wheatstone Bridge Calculator

Wheatstone Bridge Calculator

This calculator helps determine the resistance of a variable resistor within a Wheatstone bridge circuit or the differential voltage created across the bridge terminals.


Tools

Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Most AC motors are induction motors. Induction motors are favored due…


Textbook

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…


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Brushless DC Motor

Brushless DC Motor

Brushless DC motors were developed from conventional brushed DC motors…


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Wound Rotor Induction Motors

Wound Rotor Induction Motors

A wound rotor induction motor has a stator like a squirrel cage…


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Lorentz Force Calculator

Lorentz Force Calculator

This calculator will determine the combined Lorentz force exerted on a charged particle moving through both an electric field and a magnetic field.


Tools

Other Specialized Motors

Other Specialized Motors

Shaded Pole Induction Motor An easy way to provide starting torque to…


Textbook

Selsyn (Synchro) Motors

Selsyn (Synchro) Motors

Normally, the rotor windings of a wound rotor induction motor are…


Textbook

What is Alternating Current (AC)?

What is Alternating Current (AC)?

Most students of electricity begin their study with what is known as…


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The “Buffer” Gate

The “Buffer” Gate

If we were to connect two inverter gates together so that the output…


Textbook

Resistors

Resistors

Shown here is the schematic symbol for a resistor: What is the purpose…


Worksheets - IoT

Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

A handy all-in-one tool for reading resistor color code values for a 4 band resistor, 5 band resistor, or 6 band resistor.


Tools

AC Lab - Introduction

AC Lab - Introduction

In this series of hands-on electronics experiments, build alternating current (AC) circuits and learn about basic electrical engineering circuit concepts, including transformers, motors, phase shifts, signal coupling, and noise cancellation.


Textbook

Fundamentals of Radio Communication

Fundamentals of Radio Communication

What does the acronym RF stand form, in reference to radio-related…


Worksheets - IoT

Contributors (2)

Contributors (2)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


Textbook

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Read-only memory (ROM) is similar in design to static or dynamic RAM…


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Safe Circuit Design

Safe Circuit Design

As we saw earlier, a power system with no secure connection to earth…


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Introduction to Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors

Introduction to Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors

As was stated in the last chapter, there is more than one type of…


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Basic identities

Basic identities

Additive Identity a + 0 = a Multiplicative Identity 1a = a…


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DC Lab - Potato Battery

DC Lab - Potato Battery

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will create a battery from a potato (yes! a potato) and learn about the relationship between chemical energy and electric energy.


Textbook

The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) as a Switch

The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) as a Switch

Bipolar junction transistors (Also known as BJTs) can be used as an…


Textbook

Practical Considerations - Batteries

Practical Considerations - Batteries

When connecting batteries together to form larger “banks”…


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Binary Overflow

Binary Overflow

One caveat with signed binary numbers is that of overflow, where the…


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Brushless DC Motor

Brushless DC Motor

Brushless DC motors were developed from conventional brushed DC motors…


Textbook

Three-phase Y and Delta Configurations

Three-phase Y and Delta Configurations

Three-phase Wye(Y) Connection Initially, we explored the idea of…


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Arc Flash and Arc Blast

Arc Flash and Arc Blast

Electromechanical relays used to start and stop high-power electric…


Worksheets - IoT

Complex Voltage and Current Calculations

Complex Voltage and Current Calculations

There are circumstances when you may need to analyze a DC reactive…


Textbook

555 Lab - Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a red LED flasher and learn a useful application of the versatile 555 timer IC.


Textbook

Noise Figure and Noise Temperature Calculator

Noise Figure and Noise Temperature Calculator

This calculator computes the noise figure and noise temperature in a system


Tools

DIY EE Lab - Setting Up a Home Electronics Lab

DIY EE Lab - Setting Up a Home Electronics Lab

To build the DIY electronics projects described in this textbook, you will need a small work area, a few tools, and some basic electronics supplies. This page describes the setup of a low-cost home electronics laboratory.


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DC Generator Theory

DC Generator Theory

Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…


Worksheets - IoT

Algebraic Equation Manipulation for Electric Circuits

Algebraic Equation Manipulation for Electric Circuits

The electrical resistance of a conductor at any temperature may be…


Worksheets - IoT

Special Transformers and Applications

Special Transformers and Applications

Impedance Matching Because transformers can step voltage and current…


Textbook

Connectors

Connectors

An electrical connector, is an electro-mechanical device used to join…


Textbook

The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) as a Switch

The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) as a Switch

Bipolar junction transistors (Also known as BJTs) can be used as an…


Textbook

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - IoT

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

You might have noticed on the table for specific resistances that all…


Textbook

Analog Lab - PWM Power Controller

Analog Lab - PWM Power Controller

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a pulse-width modulator power controller for a light and learn the basics of PWM signals.


Textbook

Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave rectifier for AC to DC conversion and learn about center-tapped transformers.


Textbook

Zener Diodes

Zener Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - IoT

Physiological Effects of Electricity

Physiological Effects of Electricity

Most of us have experienced some form of electric “shock,”…


Textbook

Design Project: Audio Tone Control

Design Project: Audio Tone Control

Suppose you were installing a high-power stereo system in your car,…


Worksheets - IoT

Electric Shock

Electric Shock

It is sometimes said regarding electrical safety that, Ït’s not the…


Worksheets - IoT

Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Let’s count from zero to twenty using four different kinds of…


Textbook

DC Metrology

DC Metrology

Define the following metrological terms: • Uncertainty • Accuracy…


Worksheets - IoT

“Ladder” Diagrams

“Ladder” Diagrams

Ladder diagrams are specialized schematics commonly used to document…


Textbook

Analysis Techniques for Series Parallel Resistor Circuits

Analysis Techniques for Series Parallel Resistor Circuits

Guidelines to Series-Parallel Combination Circuit Analysis The goal of…


Textbook

AC Lab - Noise Cancellation

AC Lab - Noise Cancellation

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an AC voltage source connected to speakers to learn about sound waves and the foundational principle used in noise cancelling headphones.


Textbook

555 Timer Astable Oscillator Circuit

555 Timer Astable Oscillator Circuit

In an astable circuit, the output voltage alternates between VCC and 0 volts on a continuous basis. This calculator will help you design an oscillator using a 555 timer IC.


Tools