Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…
Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…
All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of…
Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…
Since three-phase is used so often for power distribution systems, it…
Protective relays are special power-sensing devices whose job it is to…
Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…
As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration…
Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Any kind of switch contact can be designed so that the contacts…
How is it possible to electrically measure the torque output by a…
What does it mean, in general terms, to encode something? Conversely,…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…
A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…
If we take the equivalent circuit of an SCR and add another external…
The interlock contacts installed in the previous section’s motor…
A practical application of switch and relay logic is in control…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…
PARTS AND MATERIALS Power transformer, 120VAC step-down to 12VAC,…
A switch can be constructed with any mechanism bringing two conductors…
Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…
A practical application of switch and relay logic is in control…
PARTS AND MATERIALS Audio detector with headphones Electromagnet coil…
In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as…
Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…
The interlock contacts installed in the previous section’s motor…
A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…
Every meter impacts the circuit it is measuring to some extent, just…
Electromechanical watt-hour meters use an aluminum disk that is spun…
This calculator helps determine the maximum temperature a device can withstand
A wound rotor induction motor has a stator like a squirrel cage…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
A switch is an electrical component that can “make” or…
Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…
We can construct a simple logic functions for our hypothetical lamp…
Another variation on a theme of bistable multivibrators is the J-K…
PARTS AND MATERIALS Low-voltage AC power supply (6-volt output) Two…
We can construct a simple logic functions for our hypothetical lamp…
Like all diodes, Shockley diodes are unidirectional devices; that is,…
Two relatively recent technologies designed to reduce the…
PARTS AND MATERIALS 6 volt battery One capacitor, 0.22 µF…
Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…
This calculator helps you determine the values of the resistors R1 and R2 to be used for a bridged-tee attenuator.
Impedance Matching Because transformers can step voltage and current…
What will this voltmeter register when connected to a battery as shown…
If we connect the output of an op-amp to its inverting input and apply…
Shown here is the schematic symbol for a resistor: What is the purpose…
Buses and networks are designed to allow communication to occur…
If your event sensing switch is mechanical in nature, you will likely…
After the introduction of the DC electrical distribution system by…
The node voltage method of analysis solves for unknown voltages at…
In Millman’s Theorem, the circuit is re-drawn as a parallel…
A very important measurement in many liquid chemical processes…
Digital circuits are circuits dealing with signals restricted to the…
PARTS AND MATERIALS AC power source: 120VAC Capacitor, 3.3 µF…
TTL Circuit Analysis Let’s examine the following TTL circuit and…
This tool is designed to calculate the maximum distance (range) that a radar can detect
