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Microstrip Impedance Calculator

Tools

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a microstrip.

Resistors

Textbook

Because the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in…

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Worksheets - PCBs

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Basic Ammeter Use

Worksheets - PCBs

Show how this ammeter would be connected to the light bulb circuit to…

Copper Wire Ampacity Table

Textbook

Ampacities of copper wire, in free air at 30o C: INSULATION TYPE…

Creating Custom Calibration Resistances

Textbook

Often in the course of designing and building electrical meter…

Electrical Connections

Worksheets - PCBs

What, exactly, is necessary to establish electrical continuity between…

Low-pass Filters

Textbook

By definition, a low-pass filter is a circuit offering easy passage to…

Symmetric Stripline Impedance Calculator

Tools

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a symmetric stripline.

DC Lab - Build Your Own Multimeter

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a simple voltmeter and ammeter while learning some fundamentals about circuit measurements.

Simple Circuits

Worksheets - PCBs

Shown here is the schematic symbol for a resistor: What is the purpose…

Basic Circuit Troubleshooting

Worksheets - PCBs

Determine if the light bulb will de-energize for each of the following…

Microstrip Crosstalk Calculator

Tools

This tool is designed to calculate cross-talk coefficient and coupled voltage for a microstrip.

Copper Wire Gauge Table

Textbook

Solid Cooper Wire Table Size Diameter (inches) Cross-sectional area…

Building Resistor Circuits Using Breadboards, Perfboards, and Terminal Strips

Textbook

Over the course of learning about electricity, you will want to…

Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

Worksheets - PCBs

When a PCB designer speaks of dimensions in thous or mils, what does…

Inductance

Worksheets - PCBs

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! One of the fundamental principles of…

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Worksheets - PCBs

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Stripline Max Current Calculator

Tools

A calculator designed to calculate the maximum current that a stripline can handle

Microstrip Trace Width Calculator

Tools

This tool is designed to compute for the trace width of a microstrip

Basic Operational Amplifiers

Worksheets - PCBs

Determine the output voltage polarity of this op-amp (with reference…

Half-Adder

Textbook

As a first example of useful combinational logic, let’s build a…

Magnetic Units of Measurement

Textbook

If the burden of two systems of measurement for common quantities…

Snell’s Law Calculator

Tools

Given three of the four input parameters (refractive indices, angles of incidence, and refraction) this tool calculates the missing variable based on Snell's law.

Contributors (15)

Textbook

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…

Simple AC Circuit Calculations

Textbook

Over the course of the next few chapters, you will learn that AC…

Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Worksheets - PCBs

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a red LED flasher with a transistor drive to control the current and learn how to use transistors to provide current gain and how to limit LED current.

Amplifiers

Textbook

Practical Benefit of Active Devices The practical benefit of active…

Safety Grounding

Worksheets - PCBs

In simple AC power systems, one of the two conductors is typically…

Early Tube History

Textbook

Thomas Edison, that prolific American inventor, is often credited with…

Op-amp Circuits

Worksheets - PCBs

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

An Analogy for Ohm’s Law

Textbook

Ohm’s Law also makes intuitive sense if you apply it to the…

Basic Circuit Troubleshooting

Worksheets - PCBs

Determine if the light bulb will de-energize for each of the following…

Contributors (14)

Textbook

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…

Dielectric Strengths for Insulators

Textbook

Dielectric strength in kilovolts per inch (kV/in): Material*…

Band-pass Filters

Textbook

How to Create Band-pass Filter There are applications where a…

Series DC Circuits Practice Worksheet with Answers

Worksheets - PCBs

In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of current (4…

Single-ended and Differential Amplifiers

Textbook

For ease of drawing complex circuit diagrams, electronic amplifiers…

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Textbook

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem is not so much a means of analysis…

Vol V. Credits

Textbook

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…

Digital Lab - Basic 2-Input NAND Gate Circuit

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test a 2-input digital NAND gate with LED indicators and learn to read pinout diagrams, power a digital IC, connect unused inputs and outputs, and use pulldown resistors.

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Worksheets - PCBs

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Voltage Multipliers (Doublers, Triplers, Quadruplers, and More)

Textbook

A voltage multiplier is a specialized rectifier circuit producing…

Introduction to Combinational Logic Functions

Textbook

The term “combinational” comes to us from mathematics. In…

Meter Check of a Diode

Textbook

The Functionality of Diode Polarity Being able to determine the…

Conductors and Insulators

Worksheets - PCBs

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…

AC Lab - Sensing AC Electric Fields

Textbook

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will sense AC electric fields using the sensitive voltage detector and learn about capacitive coupling, EMI, and shielding techniques.

Peak Voltage Calculator

Tools

The peak voltage calculator calculates peak voltage values from the peak-to-peak voltage, RMS voltage, or average voltage.

Design Project: Dual-output AC-DC Power Supply

Worksheets - PCBs

Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…

OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

Worksheets - PCBs

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Op-Amp Voltage and Gain Calculator

Tools

A calculator for computing the gain and output voltage of an operational amplifier

Resonance in Series-Parallel Circuits

Textbook

In simple reactive circuits with little or no resistance, the effects…

Other Waveshapes

Textbook

As strange as it may seem, any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform is…

Circuit Simplification Examples

Textbook

Let’s begin with a semiconductor gate circuit in need of…

Analysis Techniques for Series Parallel Resistor Circuits

Textbook

Guidelines to Series-Parallel Combination Circuit Analysis The goal of…

Zener Diodes

Worksheets - PCBs

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Textbook

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem is not so much a means of analysis…

Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Textbook

Parallel-in/ serial-out shift registers do everything that the…

Rules for Derivatives

Textbook

Constant rule Rule of sums Rule of differences Product rule Quotient…