This calculator determines the resistance of a microstrip trace
In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a simple voltmeter and ammeter while learning some fundamentals about circuit measurements.
To build the DIY electronics projects described in this textbook, you will need a small work area, a few tools, and some basic electronics supplies. This page describes the setup of a low-cost home electronics laboratory.
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…
This tool is designed to compute for the trace width of a microstrip
This calculator helps you compute for the inductance of an edge coupled trace.
Ampacities of copper wire, in free air at 30o C: INSULATION TYPE…
This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a symmetric stripline.
∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! One of the fundamental principles of…
What will this voltmeter register when connected to a battery as shown…
Over the course of learning about electricity, you will want to…
Typically, complex circuits are not arranged in nice, neat, clean…
In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an automotive alternator to generate three-phase AC voltage and learn how alternators can function as both generators and motors.
In the simplest terms you can think of, define what an electrical…
This tool helps calculate the impedance of an edge-coupled microstrip.
This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of an embedded microstrip.
This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a microstrip.
What does it mean, in general terms, to encode something? Conversely,…
Capacitors, like all electrical components, have limitations that must…
When a PCB designer speaks of dimensions in thous or mils, what does…
As we saw earlier, a power system with no secure connection to earth…
Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…
Let’s take the following example circuit and analyze it: …
The single-transistor inverter circuit illustrated earlier is actually…
What is an Operational Amplifier (Op-amp)? Operational Amplifiers,…
A tool designed to calculate the guided wavelength inside a microstrip.
When a transistor is in the fully-off state (like an open switch), it…
This calculator computes the resonant frequency of a parallel inductor and capacitor "tank" circuit.
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…
In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) current regulator and learn some of the advantages of JFETs over BJTs for current regulation.
The expression of numerical quantities is something we tend to take…
Provide a definition for phasor, as the term applies to electrical…
Two relatively recent technologies designed to reduce the…
The concept of a mathematical power is familiar to most students of…
Electromechanical watt-hour meters use an aluminum disk that is spun…
Synchronous motors load the power line with a leading power factor.…
A rheostat (variable resistor) and a switch are both examples of…
We have the symbols for depletion mode and enhancement mode MOSFETs -…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
What are Simultaneous Equations and Systems of Equations? The terms…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
In the design of large and complex digital systems, it is often…
Serial-in, serial-out shift registers delay data by one clock time for…
In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.
If we examine a four-bit binary count sequence from 0000 to 1111, a…
By definition, a low-pass filter is a circuit offering easy passage to…
In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test an automated circuit that sequentially flashes 10 LED, and learn about counters, frequency dividers, and switch debouncing.
JFETs, like bipolar transistors, are able to “throttle”…
There are circumstances when you may need to analyze a DC reactive…
The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was named because its operation…
In this hands-on introduction to electronics, you will experiment with a multimeter and learn how to measure voltage using the voltmeter function.
This calculator helps you determine the values of the resistors R1 and R2 to be used for a bridged-tee attenuator.
When someone mentions the word “computer,” a digital…
Determine the output voltage polarity of this op-amp (with reference…
This tool calculates the dimensions of the microstrip patch antenna given the desired operating frequency.
So far, we’ve observed simulations of transformers where the…
Although the prime intent of octal and hexadecimal numeration systems…
∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Electronic power conversion circuits known…