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Encoders and Decoders

Encoders and Decoders

What does it mean, in general terms, to encode something? Conversely,…


Worksheets - PCBs

Microstrip Trace Width Calculator

Microstrip Trace Width Calculator

This tool is designed to compute for the trace width of a microstrip


Tools

Re-drawing Complex Schematics

Re-drawing Complex Schematics

Typically, complex circuits are not arranged in nice, neat, clean…


Textbook

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an automotive alternator to generate three-phase AC voltage and learn how alternators can function as both generators and motors.


Textbook

Basic Oscilloscope Operation

Basic Oscilloscope Operation

An oscilloscope is a very useful piece of electronic test equipment.…


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Soldering

Soldering

Both soldering irons and soldering guns are tools used in the process…


Worksheets - PCBs

Basic Electricity Worksheet

Basic Electricity Worksheet

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?


Worksheets - PCBs

Special Transformers and Applications

Special Transformers and Applications

Impedance Matching Because transformers can step voltage and current…


Textbook

Symmetric Stripline Impedance Calculator

Symmetric Stripline Impedance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a symmetric stripline.


Tools

Design Project: Power Inverter

Design Project: Power Inverter

A common topology for DC-AC power converter circuits uses a pair of…


Worksheets - PCBs

Kirchhoff’s Laws

Kirchhoff’s Laws

Many electronic circuits use what is called a split or a dual power…


Worksheets - PCBs

DIY EE Lab - Setting Up a Home Electronics Lab

DIY EE Lab - Setting Up a Home Electronics Lab

To build the DIY electronics projects described in this textbook, you will need a small work area, a few tools, and some basic electronics supplies. This page describes the setup of a low-cost home electronics laboratory.


Textbook

Simple Circuits

Simple Circuits

Shown here is the schematic symbol for a resistor: What is the purpose…


Worksheets - PCBs

Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

When a PCB designer speaks of dimensions in thous or mils, what does…


Worksheets - PCBs

Boolean Algebra

Boolean Algebra

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - PCBs

Copper Wire Ampacity Table

Copper Wire Ampacity Table

Ampacities of copper wire, in free air at 30o C: INSULATION TYPE…


Textbook

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - PCBs

Microstrip Impedance Calculator

Microstrip Impedance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a microstrip.


Tools

Elementary Circuits

Elementary Circuits

In the simplest terms you can think of, define what an electrical…


Worksheets - PCBs

Stripline Crosstalk Calculator

Stripline Crosstalk Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate cross-talk coefficient and coupled voltage for a stripline


Tools

SPICE Models

SPICE Models

The SPICE circuit simulation program provides for modeling diodes in…


Textbook

Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

A chandelier has five light bulbs in it, and one of them is not…


Worksheets - PCBs

Boolean Algebraic Identities

Boolean Algebraic Identities

In mathematics, an identity is a statement true for all possible…


Textbook

Other Diode Technologies

Other Diode Technologies

Varicap or varactor diodes A variable capacitance diode is known as a…


Textbook

BJT Amplifier Troubleshooting

BJT Amplifier Troubleshooting

As an instructor of electronics, I am called upon frequently to help…


Worksheets - PCBs

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - PCBs

The Exclusive-OR Function: The XOR Gate

The Exclusive-OR Function: The XOR Gate

What Is an XOR Gate? One element conspicuously missing from the set of…


Textbook

Special-purpose Diodes

Special-purpose Diodes

Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…


Textbook

A 50-Ohm Cable?

A 50-Ohm Cable?

Early in my explorations of electricity, I came across a length of…


Textbook

Batteries

Batteries

If I wanted to build a battery-powered electric drill, would it be…


Worksheets - PCBs

Diode Switching Circuits

Diode Switching Circuits

Diodes can perform switching and digital logic operations. Forward and…


Textbook

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Class B push-pull audio amplifier to drive a speaker and learn about crossover distortion and how to minimize it using negative feedback.


Textbook

Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will examine the heat generated by resistors and maybe even make one smoke! Also, learn to calculate power dissipation using Joule's law and resistor power ratings.


Textbook

Contributors (1)

Contributors (1)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


Textbook

Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)

Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)

The Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (IGFET), also known as…


Textbook

Contributors (2)

Contributors (2)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


Textbook

Op-amp Circuits

Op-amp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - PCBs

Wavelength (TEM) Calculator

Wavelength (TEM) Calculator

This calculator determines the wavelength of a signal given the frequency and dielectric constant.


Tools

Inductor Commutating Circuits

Inductor Commutating Circuits

A popular use of diodes is for the mitigation of inductive…


Textbook

Rectifier Circuits

Rectifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - PCBs

Monostable Multivibrators

Monostable Multivibrators

We’ve already seen one example of a monostable multivibrator in…


Textbook

Inductor Sizing Equation

Inductor Sizing Equation

The Inductance Formula     Wheeler’s formulas for…


Textbook

Design Project: Voltmeter

Design Project: Voltmeter

The most important component of your voltmeter will be the…


Worksheets - PCBs

Analog Lab - Op Amp Integrator

Analog Lab - Op Amp Integrator

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog integrator using an operational amplifier and learn about integration functions, op amp input bias currents, and how to limit the voltage swing of a potentiometer.


Textbook

Troubleshooting Series and Parallel Circuits

Troubleshooting Series and Parallel Circuits

The jobs of electronics engineers and technicians frequently entail…


Textbook

Introduction to Network Theorems for Circuit Analysis

Introduction to Network Theorems for Circuit Analysis

Anyone who’s studied geometry should be familiar with the…


Textbook

Stepper Motor Calculator

Stepper Motor Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the maximum speed, minimum time per step and maximum power of a stepper motor


Tools

Reluctance Motor

Reluctance Motor

The variable reluctance motor is based on the principle that an…


Textbook

Amplifier Gain

Amplifier Gain

The Voltage Gain Because amplifiers have the ability to increase the…


Textbook

Inductor Voltage and Current Relationship

Inductor Voltage and Current Relationship

Inductors do not have a stable “resistance” as conductors…


Textbook

Introduction to Solid-state Device Theory

Introduction to Solid-state Device Theory

This chapter will cover the physics behind the operation of…


Textbook

Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Most AC motors are induction motors. Induction motors are favored due…


Textbook

Microstrip Crosstalk Calculator

Microstrip Crosstalk Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate cross-talk coefficient and coupled voltage for a microstrip.


Tools

High Voltage Ohmmeters

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…


Textbook

Simple Vector Addition

Simple Vector Addition

Remember that vectors are mathematical objects just like numbers on a…


Textbook

DC Lab - Current Divider

DC Lab - Current Divider

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build resistive current dividers and observe how Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's current law function in real circuits using a voltmeter and an ammeter.


Textbook

Electrical Signal Types

Electrical Signal Types

With BogusBus, our signals were very simple and straightforward: each…


Textbook

Introduction to Digital-Analog Conversion

Introduction to Digital-Analog Conversion

Connecting digital circuitry to sensor devices is simple if the sensor…


Textbook

What is Network Analysis?

What is Network Analysis?

The basic application of Ohm’s law to combinations of series and…


Textbook

Electron Tubes

Electron Tubes

Cathode:   This is the electrode that is heated and emits the…


Textbook