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Brushless DC Motor

Textbook

Brushless DC motors were developed from conventional brushed DC motors…

Bipolar Junction Transistors

Textbook

The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was named because its operation…

DC Lab - 4-wire Resistance Measurement

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will perform a 4-wire Kelvin resistance measurement and learn how to accurately measure resistance.

Building a Differential Amplifier

Textbook

Differential Op-Amp Circuits An op-amp with no feedback is already a…

Si Lab - JFET Switching Circuit and Static Electricity Sensor

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) to build a sensitive switching circuit and learn about JFET current gain.

DC Lab - Potentiometer as a Rheostat

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use a potentiometer as a variable resistor to control the speed of a motor and learn how to connect a potentiometer as a rheostat.

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Textbook

Every meter impacts the circuit it is measuring to some extent, just…

Lorentz Force Calculator

Tools

This calculator will determine the combined Lorentz force exerted on a charged particle moving through both an electric field and a magnetic field.

Physiological Effects of Electricity

Textbook

Most of us have experienced some form of electric “shock,”…

Single-ended and Differential Amplifiers

Textbook

For ease of drawing complex circuit diagrams, electronic amplifiers…

DC Lab - Thermoelectricity

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a thermocouple to measure temperature changes and learn about the Seebeck effect.

Permanent Magnets

Textbook

Centuries ago, it was discovered that certain types of mineral rock…

Voltage Divider Calculator

Tools

The voltage divider is a circuit used to create a voltage less than or equal to the input voltage.

Strain Gauges

Textbook

If a strip of conductive metal is stretched, it will become skinnier…

Wheatstone Bridge Calculator

Tools

This calculator helps determine the resistance of a variable resistor within a Wheatstone bridge circuit or the differential voltage created across the bridge terminals.

Differentiator and Integrator Circuits

Textbook

By introducing electrical reactance into the feedback loops of an…

DC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector With Audio Output

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will construct a voltage detector with adjustable sensitivity and audio output, and you will learn a method for detecting small electrical signals without an oscilloscope.

AC Lab - Sensing AC Magnetic Fields

Textbook

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will sense AC magnetic fields using a simple wire coil and learn about AC signal coupling, orientation effects, and the impact of shielding using different materials.

Look-up Tables

Textbook

Having learned about digital memory devices in the last chapter, we…

pH Measurement

Textbook

A very important measurement in many liquid chemical processes…

Introduction to Network Theorems for Circuit Analysis

Textbook

Anyone who’s studied geometry should be familiar with the…

Mutual Inductance

Worksheets - Sensors

When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, what…

Ammeter Design

Worksheets - Sensors

What would happen to this meter movement, if connected directly to a…

Phase-locked Loops

Textbook

Three-phase Y and Delta Configurations

Textbook

Three-phase Wye(Y) Connection Initially, we explored the idea of…

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

Tools

A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.

DC Mesh Current Analysis

Worksheets - Sensors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Specific Resistance of Conductors

Worksheets - Sensors

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…

Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Worksheets - Sensors

Solve this equation for the value of x: x + 5 = 8 How many exact…

Measurements of AC Magnitude

Textbook

So far we know that AC voltage alternates in polarity and AC current…

Basic Voltmeter Use

Worksheets - Sensors

What will this voltmeter register when connected to a battery as shown…

Relay Construction

Textbook

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…

Electromagnetic Induction

Textbook

While Oersted’s surprising discovery of electromagnetism paved…

Class C BJT Amplifiers

Worksheets - Sensors

A common class of operation used in radio-frequency (RF) amplifier…

What is a Filter?

Textbook

It is sometimes desirable to have circuits capable of selectively…

DC Circuit Equations and Laws

Textbook

Power Equation of Ohm’s Law and Joule’s Law    …

Using Multiple Combinational Circuits

Textbook

As an example of using several circuits together, we are going to make…

Stripline Trace Width Calculator

Tools

A calculator designed to calculate the trace width of a stripline based on the maximum current rating

Diodes

Textbook

A diode is an electronics component made from a combination of a…

Band Theory of Solids

Textbook

Quantum physics describes the states of electrons in an atom according…

Potentiometers

Worksheets - Sensors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Gate Universality

Textbook

NAND and NOR gates possess a special property: they are universal.…

Logarithms for Analog Circuits

Worksheets - Sensors

The concept of a mathematical power is familiar to most students of…

Selsyn (Synchro) Motors

Textbook

Normally, the rotor windings of a wound rotor induction motor are…

Parallel Resistor-Inductor Circuits

Textbook

Let’s take the same components for our series example circuit…

Special-output Gates

Textbook

Complementary Output Gates It is sometimes desirable to have a logic…

Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Worksheets - Sensors

Solve this equation for the value of x: x + 5 = 8 How many exact…

AC Lab - Build a Transformer

Textbook

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple transformer and learn some important transformer fundamentals including voltage step-up and step-down.

Design Project: Simple Component Curve-Tracer Circuit

Worksheets - Sensors

What do each of the oscilloscope axes represent, in real-life terms…

Light-Pulse Switch

Worksheets - Sensors

It is fairly important to use large value resistors (10 MΩ works…

Resistor Color Codes

Textbook

Try out our Resistor Color Code Calculator in our Tools section.…

Sequences

Textbook

Arithmetic Sequences An arithmetic sequence is a series of numbers…

Linear Computational Circuitry

Worksheets - Sensors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Impedance

Worksheets - Sensors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Precise Diode Circuits

Worksheets - Sensors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Contributors (11)

Textbook

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…

Introduction to Conductance and Conductors

Textbook

By now you should be well aware of the correlation between electrical…

Bipolar Junction Transistors in Active Mode

Worksheets - Sensors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Superposition Theorem

Textbook

The superposition theorem is one of those strokes of genius that takes…

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Worksheets - Sensors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…