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Brushless DC Motor

Brushless DC Motor

Brushless DC motors were developed from conventional brushed DC motors…


Textbook

DC Lab - Potentiometer as a Rheostat

DC Lab - Potentiometer as a Rheostat

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use a potentiometer as a variable resistor to control the speed of a motor and learn how to connect a potentiometer as a rheostat.


Textbook

DC Lab - 4-wire Resistance Measurement

DC Lab - 4-wire Resistance Measurement

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will perform a 4-wire Kelvin resistance measurement and learn how to accurately measure resistance.


Textbook

Wheatstone Bridge Calculator

Wheatstone Bridge Calculator

This calculator helps determine the resistance of a variable resistor within a Wheatstone bridge circuit or the differential voltage created across the bridge terminals.


Tools

Pressure Unit Conversion Calculator

Pressure Unit Conversion Calculator

This calculator will convert pressure values to ten different standard units for pressure.


Tools

Switches, Process Actuated

Switches, Process Actuated

It is very important to keep in mind that the “normal”…


Textbook

Strain Gauges

Strain Gauges

If a strip of conductive metal is stretched, it will become skinnier…


Textbook

AC Instrumentation Transducers

AC Instrumentation Transducers

Just as devices have been made to measure certain physical quantities…


Textbook

Si Lab - Light Sensor (LED Photodetector)

Si Lab - Light Sensor (LED Photodetector)

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use an LED as a light-sensitive photodetector and learn how to use a bipolar transistor in a common-emitter amplifier configuration.


Textbook

Voltage Divider Calculator

Voltage Divider Calculator

The voltage divider is a circuit used to create a voltage less than or equal to the input voltage.


Tools

Look-up Tables

Look-up Tables

Having learned about digital memory devices in the last chapter, we…


Textbook

Differentiator and Integrator Circuits

Differentiator and Integrator Circuits

By introducing electrical reactance into the feedback loops of an…


Textbook

Si Lab - JFET Switching Circuit and Static Electricity Sensor

Si Lab - JFET Switching Circuit and Static Electricity Sensor

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) to build a sensitive switching circuit and learn about JFET current gain.


Textbook

DC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector With Audio Output

DC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector With Audio Output

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will construct a voltage detector with adjustable sensitivity and audio output, and you will learn a method for detecting small electrical signals without an oscilloscope.


Textbook

Thermocouples

Thermocouples

Seebeck Effect An interesting phenomenon applied in the field of…


Textbook

Physiological Effects of Electricity

Physiological Effects of Electricity

Most of us have experienced some form of electric “shock,”…


Textbook

DC Lab - Thermoelectricity

DC Lab - Thermoelectricity

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a thermocouple to measure temperature changes and learn about the Seebeck effect.


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pH Measurement

pH Measurement

A very important measurement in many liquid chemical processes…


Textbook

Synchronous Motors

Synchronous Motors

Single Phase Synchronous Motors Single-phase synchronous motors are…


Textbook

Lorentz Force Calculator

Lorentz Force Calculator

This calculator will determine the combined Lorentz force exerted on a charged particle moving through both an electric field and a magnetic field.


Tools

DC Lab - Parallel Batteries

DC Lab - Parallel Batteries

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will connect batteries in parallel to power a light and learn the relationship between the individual battery currents and the total system current.


Textbook

Waveguide Calculator (Circular)

Waveguide Calculator (Circular)

This tool calculates the cutoff frequency of a circular waveguide


Tools

Derivative of a Constant

Derivative of a Constant

    (“c” being a constant)   RELATED…


Textbook

The “Operational” Amplifier

The “Operational” Amplifier

Long before the advent of digital electronic technology, computers…


Textbook

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ammeter to Measure Current

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ammeter to Measure Current

In this hands-on introduction to electronics, you will experiment with a multimeter and learn how to measure current using the ammeter function.


Textbook

Safety Grounding

Safety Grounding

In simple AC power systems, one of the two conductors is typically…


Worksheets - Sensors

Phase Rotation

Phase Rotation

Three-Phase Alternator Let’s take the three-phase alternator…


Textbook

Introduction to Diodes And Rectifiers

Introduction to Diodes And Rectifiers

All About Diodes A diode is an electrical device allowing current to…


Textbook

AC Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

AC Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Sensors

Logic Simplification With Karnaugh Maps

Logic Simplification With Karnaugh Maps

The logic simplification examples that we have done so far could have…


Textbook

Copper Wire Ampacity Table

Copper Wire Ampacity Table

Ampacities of copper wire, in free air at 30o C: INSULATION TYPE…


Textbook

Specific Resistance

Specific Resistance

Designing Wire Resistance Conductor ampacity rating is a crude…


Textbook

True, Reactive, and Apparent Power

True, Reactive, and Apparent Power

Reactive Power We know that reactive loads such as inductors and…


Textbook

Digital Signals and Gates

Digital Signals and Gates

While the binary numeration system is an interesting mathematical…


Textbook

Switch Types

Switch Types

Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…


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Diodes

Diodes

A diode is an electronics component made from a combination of a…


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Special-output Gates

Special-output Gates

Complementary Output Gates It is sometimes desirable to have a logic…


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Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law

For a given amount of water pressure, which will flow a greater rate…


Worksheets - Sensors

Wires and Connections

Wires and Connections

Older electrical schematics showed connecting wires crossing, while…


Textbook

Inductor Transient Response

Inductor Transient Response

Inductors have the exact opposite characteristics of capacitors.…


Textbook

Likely Failures in Proven Systems

Likely Failures in Proven Systems

The following problems are arranged in order from most likely to least…


Textbook

Flash ADC

Flash ADC

Also called the parallel A/D converter, this circuit is the simplest…


Textbook

Thermocouples

Thermocouples

Seebeck Effect An interesting phenomenon applied in the field of…


Textbook

Intro Lab - How to Use a Voltmeter to Measure Voltage

Intro Lab - How to Use a Voltmeter to Measure Voltage

In this hands-on introduction to electronics, you will experiment with a multimeter and learn how to measure voltage using the voltmeter function.


Textbook

Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


Worksheets - Sensors

Larger 4-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger 4-variable Karnaugh Maps

Knowing how to generate Gray code should allow us to build larger…


Textbook

Open-Loop OpAmp Circuits

Open-Loop OpAmp Circuits

Determine what the magnitude and polarity of the voltmeter’s…


Worksheets - Sensors

Series Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

Series Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

In the last section, we learned what would happen in simple…


Textbook

Band-pass Filters

Band-pass Filters

How to Create Band-pass Filter There are applications where a…


Textbook

Noise Figure Calculator

Noise Figure Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the noise figure of cascaded amplifiers


Tools

Rectangle Loop Inductance Calculator

Rectangle Loop Inductance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the inductance of a rectangle loop.


Tools

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Calculate the equivalent resistance of up to six resistors in parallel with ease while learning how to calculate resistance in parallel and the parallel resistance formula.


Tools

AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a 12 V alternating current (AC) power supply using a step-down transformer and learn about transformer operation and the purpose of tapped windings.


Textbook

Electrical Connections

Electrical Connections

What, exactly, is necessary to establish electrical continuity between…


Worksheets - Sensors

Field-effect-controlled Thyristors

Field-effect-controlled Thyristors

Two relatively recent technologies designed to reduce the…


Textbook

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out  (SIPO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out (SIPO) Conversion

A serial-in, parallel-out shift register is similar to the serial-in,…


Textbook

Some Examples with AC Circuits

Some Examples with AC Circuits

Let’s connect three AC voltage sources in series and use complex…


Textbook

Design Project: Signal Generator

Design Project: Signal Generator

Explain the principle of operation for the particular integrated…


Worksheets - Sensors

Inductance

Inductance

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! One of the fundamental principles of…


Worksheets - Sensors

Design Project: AC-DC Power Supply

Design Project: AC-DC Power Supply

Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…


Worksheets - Sensors