Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…
The manufacture of only silicon based semiconductors is described…
With addition being easily accomplished, we can perform the operation…
Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…
A principal consideration for industrial control networks, where the…
A decoder is a circuit that changes a code into a set of signals. It…
A semiconductor device is one made of silicon or any number of other…
The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…
Shift registers, like counters, are a form of sequential logic.…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…
One caveat with signed binary numbers is that of overflow, where the…
The “vocabulary” of instructions which any particular…
Most integrated circuits are digital, based on MOS (CMOS) transistors.…
Having learned about digital memory devices in the last chapter, we…
What is a Synchronous Counter? A synchronous counter, in contrast to…
The SPICE (Simulation Program, Integrated Circuit Emphesis)…
A handy tool for reading resistor color code values
The Use of Logic Gate Inverters and buffers exhaust the possibilities…
While the C-B (common-base) amplifier is known for wider bandwidth…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…
Certain substances are known to physically deform (shorten or…
Using the same value components in our series example circuit, we will…
Differential Op-Amp Circuits An op-amp with no feedback is already a…
Shown here is a simplified representation of an atom: the smallest…
Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…
To overcome the challenge of creating necessary DC bias voltage for an…
The structure behind ladder logic is based on the electrical ladder…
PARTS AND MATERIALS Calculator (or pencil and paper for doing…
(Template)
What is the purpose of a seven-segment decoder circuit? What is a…
Suppose we wanted to build a device that could add two binary bits…
This calculator uses Faraday's and Lenz's laws to calculate the magnitude and polarity of the induced electromotive force (EMF) caused by a change in magnetic flux through a closed-loop coil.
(Template)
The metric system, besides being a collection of measurement units for…
This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a symmetric stripline.
Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…
Phase shift oscillator. R1C1, R2C2, and R3C3 each provide 60° of…
Shown here is the schematic symbol for a resistor: What is the purpose…
Every meter impacts the circuit it is measuring to some extent, just…
You may have wondered where we got that strange equation for the…
The electrons of different types of atoms have different degrees of…
Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…
What does it mean, in general terms, to encode something? Conversely,…
A waveguide is a special form of transmission line consisting of a…
In the chapter on mixed-frequency signals, we explored the concept of…
If your event sensing switch is mechanical in nature, you will likely…
Suppose you were to take a 3 kW electric heater rated for 240 VAC and…
Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…
In DC and low-frequency AC circuits, the characteristic impedance of…
So far, we’ve been analyzing single-battery, single-resistor…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
A calculator designed to compute the power-added efficiency (PAE) of an amplifier
“AC” stands for Alternating Current, which can refer to…
In addition to forward voltage drop (Vf) and peak inverse voltage…
The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem is not so much a means of analysis…
