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Ring Counters

Ring Counters

If the output of a shift register is fed back to the input. a ring…


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Digital Communication

Digital Communication

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Counters

Counters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution.…


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Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Digital Logic Signals

Digital Logic Signals

A rheostat (variable resistor) and a switch are both examples of…


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Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Electromechanical Relay Logic

Electromechanical Relay Logic

In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as…


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Introduction to Digital Communication

Introduction to Digital Communication

In the design of large and complex digital systems, it is often…


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555 Timer Astable Oscillator Circuit

555 Timer Astable Oscillator Circuit

In an astable circuit, the output voltage alternates between VCC and 0 volts on a continuous basis. This calculator will help you design an oscillator using a 555 timer IC.


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Digital Display Circuits

Digital Display Circuits

What is the purpose of a seven-segment decoder circuit? What is a…


Worksheets - Processors

Asynchronous Counters

Asynchronous Counters

In the previous section, we saw a circuit using one J-K flip-flop that…


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Relay Construction

Relay Construction

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…


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Shift Registers

Shift Registers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Processors

Performance-Based Assessments for Digital Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Digital Circuit Competencies

(Template)


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Successive Approximation ADC

Successive Approximation ADC

One method of addressing the digital ramp ADC’s shortcomings is…


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Historical, Nonmechanical Memory Technologies

Historical, Nonmechanical Memory Technologies

Perhaps the most ingenious technique was that of the delay line. A…


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Microprocessor Programming

Microprocessor Programming

The “vocabulary” of instructions which any particular…


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Synchronous Counters

Synchronous Counters

What is a Synchronous Counter? A synchronous counter, in contrast to…


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Digital Logic Functions

Digital Logic Functions

We can construct a simple logic functions for our hypothetical lamp…


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Why digital?

Why digital?

Although many textbooks provide good introductions to digital memory…


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Flash ADC

Flash ADC

Also called the parallel A/D converter, this circuit is the simplest…


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Digital Codes

Digital Codes

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


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Practical considerations - Digital Communication

Practical considerations - Digital Communication

A principal consideration for industrial control networks, where the…


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Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…


Worksheets - Processors

Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…


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Asynchronous Flip-Flop Inputs

Asynchronous Flip-Flop Inputs

The normal data inputs to a flip flop (D, S and R, or J and K) are…


Textbook

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test an automated circuit that sequentially flashes 10 LED, and learn about counters, frequency dividers, and switch debouncing.


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Half-Adder

Half-Adder

As a first example of useful combinational logic, let’s build a…


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Intro Lab - How to Use an Ohmmeter to Measure Resistance

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ohmmeter to Measure Resistance

In this hands-on introduction to electronics, you will experiment with a multimeter and learn how to measure resistance using the ohmmeter function.


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Logic Simplification With Karnaugh Maps

Logic Simplification With Karnaugh Maps

The logic simplification examples that we have done so far could have…


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Tracking ADC

Tracking ADC

A third variation on the counter-DAC-based converter theme is, in my…


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Look-up Tables

Look-up Tables

Having learned about digital memory devices in the last chapter, we…


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Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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The D Latch

The D Latch

Since the enable input on a gated S-R latch provides a way to latch…


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Don’t Care Cells in the Karnaugh Map

Don’t Care Cells in the Karnaugh Map

Up to this point we have considered logic reduction problems where…


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555 Lab - Blue LED Flasher With Voltage Doubler

555 Lab - Blue LED Flasher With Voltage Doubler

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a blue LED flasher using a 555 timer and learn the basic theory of a voltage doubler using a transistor switch and a capacitor.


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Switch Types

Switch Types

Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…


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Finite-state Machine

Finite-state Machine

Feedback is a fascinating engineering principle. It can turn a rather…


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555 Timer Astable Oscillator Circuit

555 Timer Astable Oscillator Circuit

In an astable circuit, the output voltage alternates between VCC and 0 volts on a continuous basis. This calculator will help you design an oscillator using a 555 timer IC.


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Sequences

Sequences

Arithmetic Sequences An arithmetic sequence is a series of numbers…


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Larger 4-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger 4-variable Karnaugh Maps

Knowing how to generate Gray code should allow us to build larger…


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Voltage and Current

Voltage and Current

As was previously mentioned, we need more than just a continuous path…


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Counter Modulus

Counter Modulus

Incomplete


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Logarithms for Analog Circuits

Logarithms for Analog Circuits

The concept of a mathematical power is familiar to most students of…


Worksheets - Processors

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out  (SIPO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out (SIPO) Conversion

A serial-in, parallel-out shift register is similar to the serial-in,…


Textbook

Beam Power Tubes

Beam Power Tubes

In the beam power tube, the basic four-element structure of the…


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AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, an electronic musical keyboard will be used as a variable-frequency AC signal generator to learn the difference between AC amplitude and frequency.


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Static Electricity

Static Electricity

What does it mean for an object to have an electric charge? Give an…


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Contactors

Contactors

All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of…


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Scientific Notation and Metric Prefixes

Scientific Notation and Metric Prefixes

Write the following exponential expressions in expanded form: 101 =…


Worksheets - Processors

Analog Lab - Precision Voltage Follower Using an Op Amp

Analog Lab - Precision Voltage Follower Using an Op Amp

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an op amp voltage follower and learn about negative feedback in operational amplifier circuits.


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Amplifier Gain

Amplifier Gain

The Voltage Gain Because amplifiers have the ability to increase the…


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Averager and Summer Circuits

Averager and Summer Circuits

If we take three equal resistors and connect one end of each to a…


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Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

Note the “50 ohm” rating printed on the jacket of the cable. What…


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Power in Electric Circuits

Power in Electric Circuits

In addition to voltage and current, there is another important…


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Reluctance Motor

Reluctance Motor

The variable reluctance motor is based on the principle that an…


Textbook

Comparator with Hysteresis (Schmitt Trigger) Calculator

Comparator with Hysteresis (Schmitt Trigger) Calculator

This calculator will compute the required resistor ratio (R2/R1) and reference voltage (VREF) to create the desired high (VTH) and low (VTL) threshold voltages in a non-inverting comparator circuit with hysteresis (commonly called a Schmitt trigger).


Tools

Look-up Tables

Look-up Tables

Having learned about digital memory devices in the last chapter, we…


Textbook

IGFET Quirks

IGFET Quirks


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