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Si Lab - Bipolar Transistor as a Switch

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) to switch an LED and learn about the current their amplification.

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a red LED flasher with a transistor drive to control the current and learn how to use transistors to provide current gain and how to limit LED current.

Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a digital combination lock with LED output indicators and learn about XOR gate functionality and how to implement NOR logic functionality using diodes.

Series LED Resistor Calculator

Tools

This series LED resistance calculator is perfect for when you have a single LED or a number of the same color of LEDs in series and need to know which resistor you should use.

Synchronous Motors

Textbook

Single Phase Synchronous Motors Single-phase synchronous motors are…

Design Project: LED Stroboscope

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

A technician uses a stroboscope to “freeze” the rotation of a…

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.

555 Lab - Red LED Flasher

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a red LED flasher and learn a useful application of the versatile 555 timer IC.

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test an automated circuit that sequentially flashes 10 LED, and learn about counters, frequency dividers, and switch debouncing.

Special-purpose Diodes

Textbook

Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…

555 Lab - Blue LED Flasher With Voltage Doubler

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a blue LED flasher using a 555 timer and learn the basic theory of a voltage doubler using a transistor switch and a capacitor.

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Textbook

Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…

Optoelectronic Devices

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

In this circuit, the electric motor is supposed to turn on whenever…

Convert MCD to Lumens

Tools

This calculator is useful for calculating the luminous flux for LEDs where the angle is known.

Karnaugh Mapping

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…

Display Tubes

Textbook

In addition to performing tasks of amplification and switching, tubes…

Digital Lab - 7-segment LED Display

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will control a 7-segment binary-coded decimal (BCD) display and learn about active-low and active-high logic inputs.

Digital Display Circuits

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

What is the purpose of a seven-segment decoder circuit? What is a…

Si Lab - Light Sensor (LED Photodetector)

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use an LED as a light-sensitive photodetector and learn how to use a bipolar transistor in a common-emitter amplifier configuration.

Tubes versus Semiconductors

Textbook

Devoting a whole chapter in a modern electronics text to the design…

Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of voltage…

Introduction to Operational Amplifiers (Op-amps)

Textbook

What is an Operational Amplifier (Op-amp)? Operational Amplifiers,…

Decibels Equations

Textbook

  RELATED WORKSHEETS: Decibel Measurements Worksheet

Noise Figure and Noise Temperature Calculator

Tools

This calculator computes the noise figure and noise temperature in a system

Likely Failures in Unproven Systems

Textbook

“All men are liable to error;” —John Locke Whereas…

Series Circuit Rules

Textbook

Current Components in a series circuit share the same current: Itotal…

Multiplexers

Textbook

A multiplexer, abbreviated mux, is a device that has multiple inputs…

Single-ended and Differential Amplifiers

Textbook

For ease of drawing complex circuit diagrams, electronic amplifiers…

Si Lab - Zener Diode Voltage Regulator

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple DC voltage regulator circuit and learn how to use reverse-biased Zener diodes as voltage clamps.

Millman’s Theorem

Textbook

In Millman’s Theorem, the circuit is re-drawn as a parallel…

Modern Nonmechanical Memory

Textbook

Now we can proceed to studying specific types of digital storage…

Introduction to Digital Communication

Textbook

In the design of large and complex digital systems, it is often…

Circuit Effects

Textbook

The principle of non-sinusoidal, repeating waveforms being equivalent…

Design Project: AC-DC Power Supply

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…

Microprocessor Programming

Textbook

The “vocabulary” of instructions which any particular…

Basic identities

Textbook

Additive Identity a + 0 = a Multiplicative Identity 1a = a…

JFET Biasing Techniques

Textbook

Using an example, learn about the different bias techniques for junction field effect transistors (JFETs) like the constant voltage bias, self-bias configuration, and voltage divider biasing.

AC Waveforms

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

Radio waves are comprised of oscillating electric and magnetic fields,…

Flip-Flop Circuits

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…

Torque Conversion Calculator

Tools

A tool designed to convert between units of torque

Solving Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Via Mesh Current Method

Textbook

An unbalanced Wheatstone bridge cannot be solved using simple series…

Q Factor and Bandwidth of a Resonant Circuit

Textbook

The Q, or quality, factor of a resonant circuit is a measure of the…

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Logic Signal Voltage Levels

Textbook

Input Voltages for Logic Gates Logic gate circuits are designed to…

Contributors (11)

Textbook

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…

Arithmetic Properties

Textbook

Associative Property In addition and multiplication, terms may be…

Metric Prefix Conversions

Textbook

To express a quantity in a different metric prefix from how it was…

JFET Biasing Techniques

Textbook

Using an example, learn about the different bias techniques for junction field effect transistors (JFETs) like the constant voltage bias, self-bias configuration, and voltage divider biasing.

Voltage and Current Calculations

Textbook

There’s a sure way to calculate any of the values in a reactive…

Permanent Magnets

Textbook

Centuries ago, it was discovered that certain types of mineral rock…

Peak to Peak Voltage Calculator (VP-P)

Tools

This calculator shows the peak-to-peak voltage (VP-P) value from the peak voltage, RMS voltage, or average voltage.

AC Lab - Phase Shift in a Capacitive Circuit

Textbook

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple RC circuit that demonstrates phase shift and learn how out-of-phase AC voltages do not add algebraically.

AC Circuit Equations

Textbook

Inductive Reactance     Capacitive Reactance    …

Digital Logic With Feedback

Textbook

With simple gate and combinational logic circuits, there is a definite…

Universal Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Parallel-out

Textbook

The purpose of the parallel-in/ parallel-out shift register is to take…

Field-effect-controlled Thyristors

Textbook

Two relatively recent technologies designed to reduce the…

Flash ADC

Textbook

Also called the parallel A/D converter, this circuit is the simplest…

Ionization (gas-filled) Tubes

Textbook

So far, we’ve explored tubes which are totally…

Static Electricity

Textbook

It was discovered centuries ago that certain types of materials would…