Categories

Convert MCD to Lumens

Tools

This calculator is useful for calculating the luminous flux for LEDs where the angle is known.

Digital Display Circuits

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

What is the purpose of a seven-segment decoder circuit? What is a…

Si Lab - Light Sensor (LED Photodetector)

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use an LED as a light-sensitive photodetector and learn how to use a bipolar transistor in a common-emitter amplifier configuration.

Digital Lab - 7-segment LED Display

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will control a 7-segment binary-coded decimal (BCD) display and learn about active-low and active-high logic inputs.

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.

Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a digital combination lock with LED output indicators and learn about XOR gate functionality and how to implement NOR logic functionality using diodes.

Synchronous Motors

Textbook

Single Phase Synchronous Motors Single-phase synchronous motors are…

Karnaugh Mapping

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…

Optoelectronic Devices

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

In this circuit, the electric motor is supposed to turn on whenever…

Series LED Resistor Calculator

Tools

This series LED resistance calculator is perfect for when you have a single LED or a number of the same color of LEDs in series and need to know which resistor you should use.

555 Lab - Red LED Flasher

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a red LED flasher and learn a useful application of the versatile 555 timer IC.

555 Lab - Blue LED Flasher With Voltage Doubler

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a blue LED flasher using a 555 timer and learn the basic theory of a voltage doubler using a transistor switch and a capacitor.

Design Project: LED Stroboscope

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

A technician uses a stroboscope to “freeze” the rotation of a…

Special-purpose Diodes

Textbook

Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Textbook

Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a red LED flasher with a transistor drive to control the current and learn how to use transistors to provide current gain and how to limit LED current.

Si Lab - Bipolar Transistor as a Switch

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) to switch an LED and learn about the current their amplification.

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test an automated circuit that sequentially flashes 10 LED, and learn about counters, frequency dividers, and switch debouncing.

Display Tubes

Textbook

In addition to performing tasks of amplification and switching, tubes…

Special-purpose Diodes

Textbook

Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…

Transistor Biasing Calculations

Textbook

Although transistor switching circuits operate without bias, it is…

Circuit Components

Textbook

Remember that this tutorial is not exhaustive by any means, and that…

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Textbook

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem is not so much a means of analysis…

Universal Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Parallel-out

Textbook

The purpose of the parallel-in/ parallel-out shift register is to take…

Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Textbook

Who Developed the Karnaugh Map? Maurice Karnaugh, a…

Step-up and Step-down Transformers

Textbook

So far, we’ve observed simulations of transformers where the…

The DIAC

Textbook

Like all diodes, Shockley diodes are unidirectional devices; that is,…

Transistor Ratings and Packages (JFET)

Textbook

DC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector With Audio Output

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will construct a voltage detector with adjustable sensitivity and audio output, and you will learn a method for detecting small electrical signals without an oscilloscope.

Calculus for Electric Circuits

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…

Capacitor Charge and Time Constant Calculator

Tools

This calculator computes for the capacitor charge time and energy, given the supply voltage and the added series resistance.

Voltage Divider Circuits

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

Textbook

The R/2R DAC circuit is an alternative to the binary-weighted-input…

Comparator with Hysteresis (Schmitt Trigger) Calculator

Tools

This calculator will compute the required resistor ratio (R2/R1) and reference voltage (VREF) to create the desired high (VTH) and low (VTL) threshold voltages in a non-inverting comparator circuit with hysteresis (commonly called a Schmitt trigger).

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

Textbook

You might have noticed on the table for specific resistances that all…

Switches

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?

Practical Considerations - Transformers

Textbook

Power Capacity As has already been observed, transformers must be well…

Likely Failures in Unproven Systems

Textbook

“All men are liable to error;” —John Locke Whereas…

Impedance

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave rectifier for AC to DC conversion and learn about center-tapped transformers.

Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

Solve this equation for the value of x: x + 5 = 8 How many exact…

DC Generator Theory

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…

Solid-state Relays

Textbook

Limitations of Electromechanical Relays As versatile as…

Thyristors

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

History of SPICE

Textbook

SPICE is a computer program designed to simulate analog electronic…

Sequences

Textbook

Arithmetic Sequences An arithmetic sequence is a series of numbers…

What is Norton’s Theorem and the Norton Equivalent Circuit?

Textbook

This article explains the step-by-step process for determining the…

Synchronous Motors

Textbook

Single Phase Synchronous Motors Single-phase synchronous motors are…

Frequency and Phase Measurement

Textbook

An important electrical quantity with no equivalent in DC circuits is…

Digital Codes

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…

Asymmetric Stripline Impedance Calculator

Tools

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of an asymmetric stripline

Introduction to Karnaugh Mapping

Textbook

Why learn about Karnaugh maps? The Karnaugh map, like Boolean…

Digital Lab - Introduction

Textbook

In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test digital circuits and learn the fundamentals of digital logic circuits, including gates, counters, logic levels, hysteresis, memory, and more.

555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Schmitt trigger using a 555 timer and learn about hysteresis and the inner workings of the extremely versatile 555 timer IC.

Safe Meter Usage

Textbook

Using an electrical meter safely and efficiently is perhaps the most…

Why digital?

Textbook

Although many textbooks provide good introductions to digital memory…

AC Lab - Variable Inductor

Textbook

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a variable conductor and learn the impact of a metal core placed inside an inductor coil has on the inductance.

The Shockley Diode

Textbook

Our exploration of thyristors begins with a device called the…

Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Worksheets - Optoelectronics

Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…