Test & Measurement {if 0}- Education

This session provides a Quick introduction to Electrical Power Systems, Electrical Fundamentals, the need for Protection in Power Systems and Challenges for Protection. 

This video highlights one of TI’s new low EMI, wide Vin DC/DC converters the LM53635-Q1. It  focuses on the spread-spectrum capability, Hot-Rod packaging, and symmetrical pinout of the LM53635, which are all key contributors to eliminating EMI in this DAQ system.

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a battery of relatively low voltage, usually nine volts or less. This is perfectly adequate for measuring resistances under several mega-ohms (MΩ), but when extremely high resistances need to be measured, a 9-volt battery is insufficient for generating enough current to actuate an electromechanical meter movement. Also, as discussed in an earlier chapter, resistance is not always a stable

Volume I chapter 1.1 discusses static electricity, and how it is created. This has a lot more significance than might be first assumed, as control of static electricity plays a large part in modern electronics and other professions. An ElectroStatic Discharge event is when a static charge is bled off in an uncontrolled fashion and will be referred to as ESD hereafter. ESD comes in many forms, it can be as

PARTS AND MATERIALS Sensitive meter movement (Radio Shack catalog # 22-410) Selector switch, single-pole, multi-throw, break-before-make (Radio Shack catalog # 275-1386 is a 2-pole, 6-position unit that works well) Multi-turn potentiometers, PCB mount (Radio Shack catalog # 271-342 and 271-343 are 15-turn, 1 kΩ and 10 kΩ “trimmer” units, respectively) Assorted resistors, preferably high-precision metal film or wire-wound types (Radio Shack catalog # 271-309 is an assortment of metal-film resistors, +/- 1% tolerance) Plastic or metal mounting

We know that the current in a series circuit may be calculated with this formula: I = Etotal Rtotal We also know that the voltage dropped across any single resistor in a series circuit may be calculated with this formula: ER = I R Combine these two formulae into one, in such a way that the I variable is eliminated, leaving only ER expressed in terms of Etotal, Rtotal, and R.

PARTS AND MATERIALS IBM-compatible personal computer with sound card, running Windows 3.1 or better Winscope software, downloaded free from internet Electronic “keyboard” (musical) “Mono” (not stereo) headphone-type plug for keyboard “Mono” (not stereo) headphone-type plug for computer sound card microphone input 10 kΩ potentiometer The Winscope program I’ve used was written by Dr. Constantin Zeldovich, for free personal and academic use. It plots waveforms on the computer screen in response to

PARTS AND MATERIALS Calculator (or pencil and paper for doing arithmetic) 6-volt battery Assortment of resistors between 1 KΩ and 100 kΩ in value I’m purposely restricting the resistance values between 1 kΩ and 100 kΩ for the sake of obtaining accurate voltage and current readings with your meter. With very low resistance values, the internal resistance of the ammeter has a significant impact on measurement accuracy. Very high resistance values can cause

Ammeters Measure Electrical Current A meter designed to measure electrical current is popularly called an “ammeter” because the unit of measurement is “amps.” In ammeter designs, external resistors added to extend the usable range of the movement are connected in parallel with the movement rather than in series as is the case for voltmeters. This is because we want to divide the measured current, not the measured voltage, going to

Power measurement in AC circuits can be quite a bit more complex than with DC circuits for the simple reason that phase shift complicates the matter beyond multiplying the voltage by current figures obtained with meters. What is needed is an instrument able to determine the product (multiplication) of instantaneous voltage and current. Fortunately, the common electrodynamometer movement with its stationary and moving coil does a fine job of this.

To enter numbers in scientific notation into a hand calculator, there is usually a button marked “E” or “EE” used to enter the correct power of ten. For example, to enter the mass of a proton in grams (1.67 x 10-24 grams) into a hand calculator, I would enter the following keystrokes: [1] [.] [6] [7] [EE] [2] [4] [+/-] The [+/-] keystroke changes the sign of the power (24) into a -24. Some calculators allow the use

What will this voltmeter register when connected to a battery as shown (assume a battery voltage of 6 volts)? Explain your answer.

Explain how an ohmmeter is able to measure the resistance of a component (in this case, a light bulb) when there is no battery or other source of power connected to it: Also, identify the reading you would expect the ohmmeter to indicate if the light bulb were burnt out (failed “open”).

An oscilloscope is a very useful piece of electronic test equipment. Most everyone has seen an oscilloscope in use, in the form of a heart-rate monitor (electrocardiogram, or EKG) of the type seen in doctor’s offices and hospitals. When monitoring heart beats, what do the two axes (horizontal and vertical) of the oscilloscope screen represent? In general electronics use, when measuring AC voltage signals, what do the two axes

How is it possible to assign a fixed value of voltage or current (such as “120 volts”) to an AC electrical quantity that is constantly changing, crossing 0 volts, and reversing polarity?

Seeing as how a common meter movement can be made to function as a voltmeter, ammeter, or ohmmeter simply by connecting it to different external resistor networks, it should make sense that a multi-purpose meter (“multimeter”) could be designed in one unit with the appropriate switch(es) and resistors. For general purpose electronics work, the multimeter reigns supreme as the instrument of choice. No other device is able to do

In order to build the circuits described in this volume, you will need a small work area, as well as a few tools and critical supplies. This section describes the setup of a home electronics laboratory. Work area A work area should consist of a large workbench, desk, or table (preferably wooden) for performing circuit assembly, with household electrical power (120 volts AC) readily accessible to power soldering equipment, power supplies,

Power in an electric circuit is the product (multiplication) of voltage and current, so any meter designed to measure power must account for both of these variables. Electrodynamometer Movement A special meter movement designed especially for power measurement is called the dynamometer movement, and is similar to a D’Arsonval or Weston movement in that a lightweight coil of wire is attached to the pointer mechanism. However, unlike the D�

Parts and Materials 6-volt battery 6-volt incandescent lamp Jumper wires Breadboard Terminal strip From this experiment on, a multimeter is assumed to be necessary and will not be included in the required list of parts and materials. In all subsequent illustrations, a digital multimeter will be shown instead of an analog meter unless there is some particular reason to use an analog meter. You are encouraged to use both types

On this page, we’ll outline the three principles you should understand regarding series circuits: Current: The amount of current is the same through any component in a series circuit. Resistance: The total resistance of any series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances. Voltage: The supply voltage in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual voltage drops. Let’s take a look

So far we know that AC voltage alternates in polarity and AC current alternates in direction. We also know that AC can alternate in a variety of different ways, and by tracing the alternation over time we can plot it as a “waveform.” We can measure the rate of alternation by measuring the time it takes for a wave to evolve before it repeats itself (the “period”), and express this

PARTS AND MATERIALS Electronic “keyboard” (musical) “Mono” (not stereo) headphone-type plug Impedance matching transformer (1k Ω to 8 Ω ratio; Radio Shack catalog # 273-1380) 10 kΩ resistor In this experiment, you’ll learn how to use an electronic musical keyboard as a source of variable-frequency AC voltage signals. You need not purchase an expensive keyboard for this—but one with at least a few dozen “voice” selections (piano, flute, harp, etc.) would be good.