In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog integrator using an operational amplifier and learn about integration functions, op amp input bias currents, and how to limit the voltage swing of a potentiometer.
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Most integrated circuits are digital, based on MOS (CMOS) transistors.…
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This calculates values of the inductance, capacitance of an inductor and capacitor used in a Butterworth LC bandpass filter.
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A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…
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What is a harmonic frequency? If an oscillator circuit outputs a…
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While the C-B (common-base) amplifier is known for wider bandwidth…
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Resonance in a Tank Circuit A condition of resonance will be…
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This calculator provides three options—basic, intermediate, and advanced—for determining expected battery life for microcontroller, Internet of Things (IoT), and edge processing systems with up to four different operating modes.
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The SPICE (Simulation Program, Integrated Circuit Emphesis)…
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This calculator will convert voltage or power gains into decibels. Enter one of the three values and the calculator will output the other two.
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The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…
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A microcontroller is a specialized type of digital computer used to…
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In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) current regulator and learn some of the advantages of JFETs over BJTs for current regulation.
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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The Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (IGFET), also known as…
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SCRs are unidirectional (one-way) current devices, making them useful…
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Metric Prefixes Yotta = 1024 Symbol: Y Zetta = 1021 Symbol: Z…
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Since three-phase is used so often for power distribution systems, it…
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In this hands-on semiconductor experiment, build an improved full-wave rectifier with output filtering and learn about capacitive filtering in AC-to-DC power converters.
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Most students of electricity begin their study with what is known as…
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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To express a quantity in a different metric prefix from how it was…
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A voltage multiplier is a specialized rectifier circuit producing…
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One caveat with signed binary numbers is that of overflow, where the…
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The first, and perhaps most important, relationship between current,…
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What does the normal status of an electrical switch refer to?…
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Computers can be powerful tools if used properly, especially in the…
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What Is a Zener Diode? A Zener diode is a special type of rectifying…
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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The superposition theorem is one of those strokes of genius that takes…
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Sometimes it is necessary to determine the length of time that a…
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Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…
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In this series of hands-on electronics experiments, build analog circuits, including amplifiers, comparators, oscillators, and more. Following the step-by-step instructions will help you understand and appreciate analog systems.
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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The half-adder is extremely useful until you want to add more than one…
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In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use an LED as a light-sensitive photodetector and learn how to use a bipolar transistor in a common-emitter amplifier configuration.
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Figure below shows a photodiode amplifier for measuring low levels of…
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To enter numbers in scientific notation into a hand calculator, there…
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In mathematics, an identity is a statement true for all possible…
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∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…
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In the chapter on mixed-frequency signals, we explored the concept of…
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an audio amplifier using a vacuum tube (triode) and learn about voltage transformers, how to build a high-voltage DC power supply, and how to use a transformer for impedance matching.
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In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a half-wave rectifier circuit using a silicon diode and learn about the differences between permanent magnet motor operation on AC vs. DC power.
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Tables of specific resistance and temperature coefficient of…
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De Forest’s Audion tube came to be known as the triode tube…
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While the C-B (common-base) amplifier is known for wider bandwidth…
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Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…
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Try out our Resistor Color Code Calculator in our Tools section.…
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A calculator for solving the maximum current a microstrip can handle.
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a precision potentiometer from three lower precision potentiometer and learn about voltage range compression and parameter interactions.
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In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple transformer and learn some important transformer fundamentals including voltage step-up and step-down.
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Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…
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We can subtract one binary number from another by using the standard…
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