In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog integrator using an operational amplifier and learn about integration functions, op amp input bias currents, and how to limit the voltage swing of a potentiometer.
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Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…
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A microcontroller is a specialized type of digital computer used to…
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So far, the filter designs we’ve concentrated on have employed…
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∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…
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A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.
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Remember that this tutorial is not exhaustive by any means, and that…
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While the C-B (common-base) amplifier is known for wider bandwidth…
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The time constant of a series RC circuit is the product of the resistance and capacitance. Given two of the three values—resistance, capacitance, or RC time constant—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.
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This calculator will convert voltage or power gains into decibels. Enter one of the three values and the calculator will output the other two.
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Although transistor switching circuits operate without bias, it is…
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Resonance in a Tank Circuit A condition of resonance will be…
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The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…
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In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…
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In this hands-on semiconductor experiment, build an improved full-wave rectifier with output filtering and learn about capacitive filtering in AC-to-DC power converters.
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Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…
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In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) current regulator and learn some of the advantages of JFETs over BJTs for current regulation.
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The instrumentation amplifier calculator will assist in the design and analysis of a conventional instrumentation amplifier circuit by calculating the required resistor values and gain.
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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The discovery of the relationship between magnetism and electricity…
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SCRs are unidirectional (one-way) current devices, making them useful…
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The interlock contacts installed in the previous section’s motor…
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Our next transistor configuration to study is a bit simpler for gain…
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Over the course of the next few chapters, you will learn that AC…
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In very simple, qualitative terms, rate the impedance of capacitors…
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This calculator will convert voltage or power gains into decibels. Enter one of the three values and the calculator will output the other two.
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In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a voltage follower amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in common-collector configuration and learn about circuit ground and impedance transformations.
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Most of us have experienced some form of electric “shock,”…
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While mention of operational amplifiers typically provokes visions of…
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will construct a voltage detector with adjustable sensitivity and audio output, and you will learn a method for detecting small electrical signals without an oscilloscope.
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A high-pass filter’s task is just the opposite of a low-pass…
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an op amp voltage follower and learn about negative feedback in operational amplifier circuits.
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Long before the advent of digital electronic technology, computers…
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What is Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)? The principle known as…
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Let’s take the same components for our series example circuit…
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Additive Identity a + 0 = a Multiplicative Identity 1a = a…
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A tool designed to calculate the guided wavelength inside a microstrip.
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In this hands-on introduction to electronics, you will experiment with a multimeter and learn how to measure resistance using the ohmmeter function.
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…
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At the start of this book, we discussed static electricity and how it…
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Bipolar Junction Transistor or BJT Current Mirror An often-used…
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Note that the direction of the arrow at the gate indicates the…
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In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.
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Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…
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In the previous section, we saw a circuit using one J-K flip-flop that…
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog voltage comparator circuit and learn how open-loop operational amplifiers function.
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Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…
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In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave rectifier for AC to DC conversion and learn about center-tapped transformers.
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Previously, we examined series circuits and parallel circuits using…
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Wire-by-Number project: simple voltage divider Description: Build a…
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This series LED resistance calculator is perfect for when you have a single LED or a number of the same color of LEDs in series and need to know which resistor you should use.
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