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Special-purpose Diodes

Special-purpose Diodes

Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…


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The Cascode Amplifier

The Cascode Amplifier

While the C-B (common-base) amplifier is known for wider bandwidth…


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Junction Field-effect Transistors

Junction Field-effect Transistors

The field effect transistor was proposed by Julius Lilienfeld in US…


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Resonant Filters

Resonant Filters

So far, the filter designs we’ve concentrated on have employed…


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Bandpass Filter Calculator

Bandpass Filter Calculator

This calculates values of the inductance, capacitance of an inductor and capacitor used in a Butterworth LC bandpass filter.


Tools

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…


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Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Passive Filter Circuits

Passive Filter Circuits

In very simple, qualitative terms, rate the impedance of capacitors…


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Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Active Filters

Active Filters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Radio Circuits

Radio Circuits

(a) Crystal radio. (b) Modulated RF at antenna. (c) Rectified RF at…


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Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…


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LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Thyristor Application Circuits

Thyristor Application Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…


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Battery Life Calculator

Battery Life Calculator

This calculator provides three options—basic, intermediate, and advanced—for determining expected battery life for microcontroller, Internet of Things (IoT), and edge processing systems with up to four different operating modes.


Tools

Si Lab - JFET Current Regulator

Si Lab - JFET Current Regulator

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) current regulator and learn some of the advantages of JFETs over BJTs for current regulation.


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Decibel Calculator

Decibel Calculator

This calculator will convert voltage or power gains into decibels. Enter one of the three values and the calculator will output the other two.


Tools

Simple AC Circuit Calculations

Simple AC Circuit Calculations

Over the course of the next few chapters, you will learn that AC…


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OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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AC Lab - Build a Transformer

AC Lab - Build a Transformer

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple transformer and learn some important transformer fundamentals including voltage step-up and step-down.


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Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…


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Complex Number Arithmetic

Complex Number Arithmetic

Since complex numbers are legitimate mathematical entities, just like…


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Battery Life Calculator

Battery Life Calculator

This calculator provides three options—basic, intermediate, and advanced—for determining expected battery life for microcontroller, Internet of Things (IoT), and edge processing systems with up to four different operating modes.


Tools

L-Match Impedance Matching Circuits

L-Match Impedance Matching Circuits

This calculator is designed to compute for the parameters needed to design a L-Match Impedance Circuit


Tools

Simple Series Resonance

Simple Series Resonance

A similar effect happens in series inductive/capacitive circuits. When…


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Conductor Ampacity

Conductor Ampacity

The smaller the cross-sectional area of any given wire, the greater…


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Amplifier Gain

Amplifier Gain

The Voltage Gain Because amplifiers have the ability to increase the…


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Band-pass Filters

Band-pass Filters

How to Create Band-pass Filter There are applications where a…


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From Electric to Electronic

From Electric to Electronic

Introduction This third volume of the book series Lessons In Electric…


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Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

What is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), and what…


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What is a Series-Parallel Circuit?

What is a Series-Parallel Circuit?

With simple series circuits, all components are connected end-to-end…


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Emergency Response

Emergency Response

Despite lock-out/tag-out procedures and multiple repetitions of…


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Miscellaneous Diode Applications

Miscellaneous Diode Applications

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Wiring Color Codes

Wiring Color Codes

Wiring for AC and DC power distribution branch circuits are color…


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LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

The Unijunction Transistor (UJT)

The Unijunction Transistor (UJT)

Unijunction transistor: Although a unijunction transistor is not a…


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Latch Circuits

Latch Circuits

What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…


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Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

In this introduction to series resistance circuits, we will explain…


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AC Lab - Noise Cancellation

AC Lab - Noise Cancellation

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an AC voltage source connected to speakers to learn about sound waves and the foundational principle used in noise cancelling headphones.


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Link Budget Calculator

Link Budget Calculator

A Link Budget puts into account all gains and losses a signal goes through in a system as it is transmitted. The calculator calculates the power of the received signal given amplifier and antenna gains, and medium loss.


Tools

Bipolar Junction Transistors in Active Mode

Bipolar Junction Transistors in Active Mode

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Batteries

Batteries

If I wanted to build a battery-powered electric drill, would it be…


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Capacitor Sizing Equation

Capacitor Sizing Equation

Capacitance Formula     Permittivity of Dielectric  …


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The Gated S-R Latch

The Gated S-R Latch

It is sometimes useful in logic circuits to have a multivibrator which…


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Specific Troubleshooting Techniques

Specific Troubleshooting Techniques

After applying some of the general troubleshooting tips to narrow the…


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Microprocessor Programming

Microprocessor Programming

What is the difference between a JMP (“jump”) instruction and a…


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Wattmeter Design

Wattmeter Design

Power in an electric circuit is the product (multiplication) of…


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Physical Effects of Electricity

Physical Effects of Electricity

Certain substances are known to physically deform (shorten or…


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Series-parallel R, L, and C

Series-parallel R, L, and C

Now that we’ve seen how series and parallel AC circuit analysis…


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Voltage-to-Current Signal Conversion

Voltage-to-Current Signal Conversion

In instrumentation circuitry, DC signals are often used as analog…


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Basic Logic Gates

Basic Logic Gates

Identify the type of logic gate shown in this schematic diagram, and…


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An Analogy for Divided Feedback

An Analogy for Divided Feedback

A helpful analogy for understanding divided feedback amplifier…


Textbook

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test an automated circuit that sequentially flashes 10 LED, and learn about counters, frequency dividers, and switch debouncing.


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Contributors (9)

Contributors (9)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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Potential Pitfalls

Potential Pitfalls

Fallacious reasoning and poor interpersonal relations account for more…


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Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

Note the “50 ohm” rating printed on the jacket of the cable. What…


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Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

The Parallel Wires of Infinite Length Suppose, though, that we had a…


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