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Active Filters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Conventional Transistor Overview and Special Transistors

Conventional Transistor Overview and Special Transistors

A microcontroller is a specialized type of digital computer used to…


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Simple Parallel (Tank Circuit) Resonance

Simple Parallel (Tank Circuit) Resonance

Resonance in a Tank Circuit A condition of resonance will be…


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Resonant Filters

Resonant Filters

So far, the filter designs we’ve concentrated on have employed…


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Special-purpose Diodes

Special-purpose Diodes

Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…


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Example Circuits and Netlists

Example Circuits and Netlists

The following circuits are pre-tested netlists for SPICE 2g6, complete…


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Band-pass Filters

Band-pass Filters

How to Create Band-pass Filter There are applications where a…


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Semiconductor Devices in SPICE

Semiconductor Devices in SPICE

The SPICE (Simulation Program, Integrated Circuit Emphesis)…


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Mixed-Frequency Signals

Mixed-Frequency Signals

What is a harmonic frequency? If an oscillator circuit outputs a…


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Thyristor Application Circuits

Thyristor Application Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…


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Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)

Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)

The Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (IGFET), also known as…


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Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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The Cascode Amplifier

The Cascode Amplifier

While the C-B (common-base) amplifier is known for wider bandwidth…


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Radio Circuits

Radio Circuits

(a) Crystal radio. (b) Modulated RF at antenna. (c) Rectified RF at…


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Si Lab - JFET Current Regulator

Si Lab - JFET Current Regulator

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) current regulator and learn some of the advantages of JFETs over BJTs for current regulation.


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The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…


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LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

Summer and Subtractor OpAmp Circuits

Summer and Subtractor OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Decibel Calculator

Decibel Calculator

This calculator will convert voltage or power gains into decibels. Enter one of the three values and the calculator will output the other two.


Tools

Power Supply Circuits

Power Supply Circuits

There are three major kinds of power supplies: unregulated (also…


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DC Circuit Equations and Laws

DC Circuit Equations and Laws

Power Equation of Ohm’s Law and Joule’s Law    …


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Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Amplifier Impedances

Amplifier Impedances

Input impedance varies considerably with the circuit configuration…


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Digital Logic Signals

Digital Logic Signals

A rheostat (variable resistor) and a switch are both examples of…


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Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Capacitor Transient Response

Capacitor Transient Response

Because capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, they…


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Semiconductor Manufacturing Techniques

Semiconductor Manufacturing Techniques

The manufacture of only silicon based semiconductors is described…


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Basic Electricity Worksheet

Basic Electricity Worksheet

What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?


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Battery Ratings

Battery Ratings

Because batteries create current flow in a circuit by exchanging…


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What Are Electric Circuits?

What Are Electric Circuits?

You might have been wondering how charges can continuously flow in a…


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Electrical Noise and Interference

Electrical Noise and Interference

Define what noise means, in the electrical sense of the word. How does…


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The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC circuit is an alternative to the binary-weighted-input…


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Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Electronic power conversion circuits known…


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Capacitive Reactance

Capacitive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Gas Discharge Tubes

Gas Discharge Tubes

If you’ve ever witnessed a lightning storm, you’ve seen…


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What is Alternating Current (AC)?

What is Alternating Current (AC)?

Most students of electricity begin their study with what is known as…


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Meter Check of a Transistor (JFET)

Meter Check of a Transistor (JFET)

Testing a JFET with a multimeter might seem to be a relatively easy…


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Si Lab - BJT Common-emitter Amplifier

Si Lab - BJT Common-emitter Amplifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, construct a common-emitter amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and learn about amplifier gain and feedback.


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Power in Electric Circuits

Power in Electric Circuits

In addition to voltage and current, there is another important…


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A Binary Adder

A Binary Adder

Suppose we wanted to build a device that could add two binary bits…


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Impedance Transformation

Impedance Transformation

Standing waves at the resonant frequency points of an open- or…


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Nonlinear OpAmp Circuits

Nonlinear OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Bit Grouping

Bit Grouping

The singular reason for learning and using the binary numeration…


Textbook

Si Lab - Simple Op Amp

Si Lab - Simple Op Amp

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a custom operational amplifier (op amp) and learn about the application of current mirrors and the use of negative feedback in op amp circuits.


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Gas Discharge Tubes

Gas Discharge Tubes

If you’ve ever witnessed a lightning storm, you’ve seen…


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Impedance Matching With Transformers

Impedance Matching With Transformers

Suppose you were to take a 3 kW electric heater rated for 240 VAC and…


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Design Project: Dual-output AC-DC Power Supply

Design Project: Dual-output AC-DC Power Supply

Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…


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Contributors (8)

Contributors (8)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Identify some different ways you can create the sine-wave audio tracks…


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Boolean Rules for Simplification

Boolean Rules for Simplification

Boolean algebra finds its most practical use in the simplification of…


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Conventional Versus Electron Flow

Conventional Versus Electron Flow

“The nice thing about standards is that there are so many of…


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SPICE Quirks

SPICE Quirks

“Garbage in, garbage out.” —Anonymous   SPICE…


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AC Lab - Noise Cancellation

AC Lab - Noise Cancellation

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an AC voltage source connected to speakers to learn about sound waves and the foundational principle used in noise cancelling headphones.


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Transistor Ratings and Packages (JFET)

Transistor Ratings and Packages (JFET)


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555 Lab - Blue LED Flasher With Voltage Doubler

555 Lab - Blue LED Flasher With Voltage Doubler

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a blue LED flasher using a 555 timer and learn the basic theory of a voltage doubler using a transistor switch and a capacitor.


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Measurements of AC Magnitude

Measurements of AC Magnitude

So far we know that AC voltage alternates in polarity and AC current…


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Power Density Calculator

Power Density Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the power density of an antenna


Tools

Contact “Bounce”

Contact “Bounce”

When a switch is actuated and contacts touch one another under the…


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AC Commutator Motors

AC Commutator Motors

Charles Proteus Steinmetz’s first job after arriving in America…


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