∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog integrator using an operational amplifier and learn about integration functions, op amp input bias currents, and how to limit the voltage swing of a potentiometer.
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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A microcontroller is a specialized type of digital computer used to…
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This calculates values of the inductance, capacitance of an inductor and capacitor used in a Butterworth LC bandpass filter.
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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The field effect transistor was proposed by Julius Lilienfeld in US…
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Remember that this tutorial is not exhaustive by any means, and that…
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The Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (IGFET), also known as…
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The SPICE (Simulation Program, Integrated Circuit Emphesis)…
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The following circuits are pre-tested netlists for SPICE 2g6, complete…
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So far, the filter designs we’ve concentrated on have employed…
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How to Create Band-pass Filter There are applications where a…
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…
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This calculator will convert voltage or power gains into decibels. Enter one of the three values and the calculator will output the other two.
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(a) Crystal radio. (b) Modulated RF at antenna. (c) Rectified RF at…
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Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…
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In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…
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The interlock contacts installed in the previous section’s motor…
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Suppose we had a simple one-battery, one-lamp circuit controlled by a…
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If you’ve ever witnessed a lightning storm, you’ve seen…
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In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) to switch an LED and learn about the current their amplification.
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Note that the direction of the arrow at the gate indicates the…
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You might have been wondering how charges can continuously flow in a…
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As the name suggests, the tetrode tube contains four elements: cathode…
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use series and parallel resistor networks to precisely adjust the range and zero point of a rheostat.
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Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…
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If an electric current is passed through this wire, which direction…
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The table method provides a structured methodology for ensuring you…
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This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…
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When inductors are connected in series, the total inductance is the…
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What is an Operational Amplifier (Op-amp)? Operational Amplifiers,…
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In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a voltage follower amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in common-collector configuration and learn about circuit ground and impedance transformations.
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The discovery of the relationship between magnetism and electricity…
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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Electromechanical relays used to start and stop high-power electric…
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So far, we’ve explored tubes which are totally…
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Explain how a moving-coil, or dynamic microphone works. Identify how…
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In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of current (4…
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There are three major kinds of power supplies: unregulated (also…
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This tool is designed to convert power ratios to decibel
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Learn About L/R Time Constants It is often perplexing to new students…
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SCRs are unidirectional (one-way) current devices, making them useful…
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Also called the parallel A/D converter, this circuit is the simplest…
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By definition, a low-pass filter is a circuit offering easy passage to…
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a red LED flasher and learn a useful application of the versatile 555 timer IC.
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Define the following terms: energy, work, and power.
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This calculator computes the resonant frequency of a parallel inductor and capacitor "tank" circuit.
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Learn about junction field effect transistors (JFETs), their equations, and how to model and simulate JFETs in LTspice.
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De Forest’s Audion tube came to be known as the triode tube…
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In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple RC circuit that demonstrates phase shift and learn how out-of-phase AC voltages do not add algebraically.
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What, exactly, is an arbitrary waveform generator, and for what…
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a null-balancing potentiometric voltmeter and learn how to prevent a voltmeter from changing the voltage it is measuring.
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This tool helps calculate the impedance of an edge-coupled microstrip.
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The following circuits are pre-tested netlists for SPICE 2g6, complete…
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Shown here is a simplified representation of an atom: the smallest…
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