All About Circuits

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Special-purpose Diodes

Special-purpose Diodes

Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…


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How to Calculate Power in a Series and Parallel Circuit

How to Calculate Power in a Series and Parallel Circuit

When calculating the power dissipation of resistive components, we can…


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Energy, Work, and Power

Energy, Work, and Power

Define the following terms: energy, work, and power.


Worksheets - Smart Grid/Energy

AC Power

AC Power

If a sinusoidal voltage is applied to an impedance with a phase angle…


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Electrical Energy Calculator

Electrical Energy Calculator

This calculator will determine the instantaneous energy, sustained energy, and power consumed by an electrical system given two of the three electrical parameters (voltage, current, or resistance) and the time.


Tools

Design Project: Power Inverter

Design Project: Power Inverter

A common topology for DC-AC power converter circuits uses a pair of…


Worksheets - Smart Grid/Energy

AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a 12 V alternating current (AC) power supply using a step-down transformer and learn about transformer operation and the purpose of tapped windings.


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Voltage, Current, and Resistance

Voltage, Current, and Resistance

Voltage is commonly defined as “electrical pressure.” The unit of…


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Regulated Power Sources

Regulated Power Sources

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Power Sources

Power Sources

There are many different types of power sources, and here some of the…


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Speed Distance Time Calculator

Speed Distance Time Calculator

This calculator will solve for either distance, time, or speed given two of the three parameters.


Tools

Lenz’s Law and Faraday’s Law Calculator

Lenz’s Law and Faraday’s Law Calculator

This calculator uses Faraday's and Lenz's laws to calculate the magnitude and polarity of the induced electromotive force (EMF) caused by a change in magnetic flux through a closed-loop coil.


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Sources of Electricity

Sources of Electricity

What is the difference between DC and AC electricity? Identify some…


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Data Flow

Data Flow

Buses and networks are designed to allow communication to occur…


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Voltmeter Design

Voltmeter Design

As was stated earlier, most meter movements are sensitive devices.…


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Autotransformers

Autotransformers

How much voltage is there between the following pairs of points in…


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Enhancement-type IGFETs

Enhancement-type IGFETs


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Calculating Electric Power

Calculating Electric Power

Learn the Power Formula We’ve seen the formula for determining…


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Contributors (4)

Contributors (4)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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Electric Fields and Capacitance

Electric Fields and Capacitance

Introduction Whenever an electric voltage exists between two separated…


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Complex Circuits

Complex Circuits

What do we do if we come across a circuit more complex than the simple…


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Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…


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Active Loads in Amplifier Circuits

Active Loads in Amplifier Circuits

We know that the current in a series circuit may be calculated with…


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Practical Power Factor Correction

Practical Power Factor Correction

When the need arises to correct for poor power factor in an AC power…


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The S-R Latch

The S-R Latch

A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…


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Building a Differential Amplifier

Building a Differential Amplifier

Differential Op-Amp Circuits An op-amp with no feedback is already a…


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Brushless DC Motor

Brushless DC Motor

Brushless DC motors were developed from conventional brushed DC motors…


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Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

This calculator is designed to compute the parameters required to design a Pi-Match Impedance Circuit


Tools

Design Project: Arbitrary Waveform Generator

Design Project: Arbitrary Waveform Generator

What, exactly, is an arbitrary waveform generator, and for what…


Worksheets - Smart Grid/Energy

Calculus for Electric Circuits

Calculus for Electric Circuits

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…


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Time Constant Equations

Time Constant Equations

Value of time constant in series RC and RL circuits   Time…


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Ammeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Ammeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Just like voltmeters, ammeters tend to influence the amount of current…


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Binary Addition

Binary Addition

The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…


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Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

What is Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)? The principle known as…


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Power Supply Circuits

Power Supply Circuits

There are three major kinds of power supplies: unregulated (also…


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Class A BJT Amplifiers

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Digital Communication

Digital Communication

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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The “Buffer” Gate

The “Buffer” Gate

If we were to connect two inverter gates together so that the output…


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Capacitor Quirks

Capacitor Quirks

As with inductors, the ideal capacitor is a purely reactive device,…


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Inductance

Inductance

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! One of the fundamental principles of…


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Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Time Constant Equations

Time Constant Equations

Value of time constant in series RC and RL circuits   Time…


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Boolean Algebraic Properties

Boolean Algebraic Properties

Another type of mathematical identity, called a “property”…


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Series Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

Series Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

In the last section, we learned what would happen in simple…


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OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a voltage follower amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in common-collector configuration and learn about circuit ground and impedance transformations.


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Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…


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Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

What shape of voltage waveform would you expect to measure (using an…


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Transistors, Bipolar

Transistors, Bipolar

There are not too many circuit symbols for bipolar transistors. There…


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Trigonometric Equivalencies

Trigonometric Equivalencies


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Resistivity Calculator

Resistivity Calculator

This calculator calculates the resistivity of a component based on its resistance value, length, and cross-sectional area.


Tools

Coefficients of Specific Resistance

Coefficients of Specific Resistance

Specific resistance at 20o C:  Material Element/Alloy ohm-cmil/ft…


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