If a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal is sent to a passive…
Bipolar Junction Transistor or BJT Current Mirror An often-used…
If we add a voltage divider to the negative feedback wiring so that…
It may seem difficult to even start on a project such as this, with no…
Identify some different ways you can create the sine-wave audio tracks…
In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog integrator using an operational amplifier and learn about integration functions, op amp input bias currents, and how to limit the voltage swing of a potentiometer.
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
This calculator helps determine the resistance of a variable resistor within a Wheatstone bridge circuit or the differential voltage created across the bridge terminals.
Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…
As an instructor of electronics, I am called upon frequently to help…
Bipolar junction transistors (Also known as BJTs) can be used as an…
This calculator determines the bias and feedback of resistors for a non-inverting Op-Amp
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Unijunction transistor: Although a unijunction transistor is not a…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Our next transistor configuration to study is a bit simpler for gain…
In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog voltage comparator circuit and learn how open-loop operational amplifiers function.
An ideal transistor would show 0% distortion in amplifying a signal.…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
This article explains the step-by-step process for determining the…
In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a half-wave rectifier circuit using a silicon diode and learn about the differences between permanent magnet motor operation on AC vs. DC power.
Varicap or varactor diodes A variable capacitance diode is known as a…
As strange as it may seem, any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform is…
In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) to switch an LED and learn about the current their amplification.
This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…
The interlock contacts installed in the previous section’s motor…
Connecting digital circuitry to sensor devices is simple if the sensor…
As an instructor of electronics, I am called upon frequently to help…
De Forest’s Audion tube came to be known as the triode tube…
In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog voltage comparator circuit and learn how open-loop operational amplifiers function.
What does it mean, in general terms, to encode something? Conversely,…
What is the purpose of the switch shown in this schematic diagram?
Three-Phase Alternator Let’s take the three-phase alternator…
In many circuit applications, we encounter components connected…
Most of us have experienced some form of electric “shock,”…
In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple circuit that will teach you how to use a commutating diode to reduce inductive kickback.
What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…
Thyristors are a broad classification of bipolar-conducting…
Now that we’ve seen how series and parallel AC circuit analysis…
What does it mean if an integrated circuit comes in DIP form? What…
The most straightforward DC network analysis technique is the branch…
This calculator determines the wavelength of a signal given the frequency and dielectric constant.
A similar effect happens in series inductive/capacitive circuits. When…
Arithmetic Sequences An arithmetic sequence is a series of numbers…
In the simplest terms you can think of, define what an electrical…
In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a blue LED flasher using a 555 timer and learn the basic theory of a voltage doubler using a transistor switch and a capacitor.
(“c” being a constant) RELATED…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
A meter is any device built to accurately detect and display an…
Two relatively recent technologies designed to reduce the…
All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…
A tool designed to calculate the maximum speed, minimum time per step and maximum power of a stepper motor
In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a resistive voltage divider and observe how Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) function in real circuits using a voltmeter and an ammeter.
Additive Identity a + 0 = a Multiplicative Identity 1a = a…
The term “combinational” comes to us from mathematics. In…
Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…
Suppose we wanted to build a device that could add two binary bits…
The principle of non-sinusoidal, repeating waveforms being equivalent…