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The Common-collector Amplifier

The Common-collector Amplifier

Our next transistor configuration to study is a bit simpler for gain…


Textbook

Non-Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

Non-Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

This calculator determines the bias and feedback of resistors for a non-inverting Op-Amp


Tools

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Design Project: DC Voltage Regulator

Design Project: DC Voltage Regulator

It may seem difficult to even start on a project such as this, with no…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

BJT Amplifier Troubleshooting

BJT Amplifier Troubleshooting

As an instructor of electronics, I am called upon frequently to help…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Op-amp Circuits

Op-amp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Signal Modulation

Signal Modulation

A modern method of electrical power control involves inserting a…


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The Cascode Amplifier

The Cascode Amplifier

While the C-B (common-base) amplifier is known for wider bandwidth…


Textbook

Hysteresis

Hysteresis

Thyristors are a class of semiconductor components exhibiting…


Textbook

Decibel Calculator

Decibel Calculator

This calculator will convert voltage or power gains into decibels. Enter one of the three values and the calculator will output the other two.


Tools

Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Identify some different ways you can create the sine-wave audio tracks…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Precise Diode Circuits

Precise Diode Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Battery Life Calculator

Battery Life Calculator

This calculator provides three options—basic, intermediate, and advanced—for determining expected battery life for microcontroller, Internet of Things (IoT), and edge processing systems with up to four different operating modes.


Tools

Digital Logic Signals

Digital Logic Signals

A rheostat (variable resistor) and a switch are both examples of…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

IGFET Amplifiers

IGFET Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Operational Amplifier Models

Operational Amplifier Models

While mention of operational amplifiers typically provokes visions of…


Textbook

Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Bandpass Filter Calculator

Bandpass Filter Calculator

This calculates values of the inductance, capacitance of an inductor and capacitor used in a Butterworth LC bandpass filter.


Tools

From Electric to Electronic

From Electric to Electronic

Introduction This third volume of the book series Lessons In Electric…


Textbook

Series and Parallel Inductors

Series and Parallel Inductors

When inductors are connected in series, the total inductance is the…


Textbook

Series Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

Series Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

In the last section, we learned what would happen in simple…


Textbook

Vectors and AC Waveforms

Vectors and AC Waveforms

OK, so how exactly can we represent AC quantities of voltage or…


Textbook

PN Junctions

PN Junctions

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Precise Diode Circuits

Precise Diode Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

AC Lab - Phase Shift in a Capacitive Circuit

AC Lab - Phase Shift in a Capacitive Circuit

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple RC circuit that demonstrates phase shift and learn how out-of-phase AC voltages do not add algebraically.


Textbook

Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Calculator

Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Calculator

The instrumentation amplifier calculator will assist in the design and analysis of a conventional instrumentation amplifier circuit by calculating the required resistor values and gain.


Tools

Voltage and Current

Voltage and Current

As was previously mentioned, we need more than just a continuous path…


Textbook

AC Waveforms

AC Waveforms

When an alternator produces AC voltage, the voltage switches polarity…


Textbook

The “Operational” Amplifier

The “Operational” Amplifier

Long before the advent of digital electronic technology, computers…


Textbook

AC Lab - Sensing AC Magnetic Fields

AC Lab - Sensing AC Magnetic Fields

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will sense AC magnetic fields using a simple wire coil and learn about AC signal coupling, orientation effects, and the impact of shielding using different materials.


Textbook

Differential Transistor Amplifiers

Differential Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Summer and Subtractor OpAmp Circuits

Summer and Subtractor OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Building Series-Parallel Resistor Circuits

Building Series-Parallel Resistor Circuits

Once again, when building battery/resistor circuits, the student or…


Textbook

Elementary Amplifier Theory

Elementary Amplifier Theory

Fundamentally, an amplifier is a device that takes in a low-power…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

What Is a R/2nR DAC Circuit? The R/2nR DAC circuit, otherwise known as…


Textbook

Computer Simulation of Electric Circuits

Computer Simulation of Electric Circuits

Computers can be powerful tools if used properly, especially in the…


Textbook

What is Norton’s Theorem and the Norton Equivalent Circuit?

What is Norton’s Theorem and the Norton Equivalent Circuit?

This article explains the step-by-step process for determining the…


Textbook

Venn Diagrams and Sets

Venn Diagrams and Sets

Mathematicians use Venn diagrams to show the logical relationships of…


Textbook

Mesh Current Method (Loop Current Method)

Mesh Current Method (Loop Current Method)

This page provides a step-by-step introduction to using the mesh…


Textbook

Band Theory of Solids

Band Theory of Solids

Quantum physics describes the states of electrons in an atom according…


Textbook

Capacitors

Capacitors

Identify some of the different types of capacitors, and their…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Phase-locked Loops

Phase-locked Loops


Textbook

Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

Note the “50 ohm” rating printed on the jacket of the cable. What…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

IGFET Amplifiers

IGFET Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Any kind of switch contact can be designed so that the contacts…


Textbook

Batteries

Batteries

If I wanted to build a battery-powered electric drill, would it be…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…


Textbook

AC Network Analysis

AC Network Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Elementary Circuits

Elementary Circuits

In the simplest terms you can think of, define what an electrical…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Numbers and Symbols

Numbers and Symbols

The expression of numerical quantities is something we tend to take…


Textbook

Series LED Resistor Calculator

Series LED Resistor Calculator

This series LED resistance calculator is perfect for when you have a single LED or a number of the same color of LEDs in series and need to know which resistor you should use.


Tools

Conductor Ampacity

Conductor Ampacity

The smaller the cross-sectional area of any given wire, the greater…


Textbook

Phase-Locked Loops

Phase-Locked Loops

This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…


Worksheets - Amplifiers

Three-phase Y and Delta Configurations

Three-phase Y and Delta Configurations

Three-phase Wye(Y) Connection Initially, we explored the idea of…


Textbook

Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops

Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops

So far, we’ve studied both S-R and D latch circuits with enable…


Textbook

Resonant Filters

Resonant Filters

So far, the filter designs we’ve concentrated on have employed…


Textbook

Intermediate Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Intermediate Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

As an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, it creates a…


Worksheets - Amplifiers