Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…

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Microprocessor Programming

The “vocabulary” of instructions which any particular…

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Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Microcontroller Principles

Read the following quotation, and then research the term…

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Programmable Logic Controllers

The Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC, was invented in the late…

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Programmable Logic Technology

Define the following acronyms as they apply to digital logic circuits:…

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Op-amp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Finite State Machines

Up to now, every circuit that was presented was a combinatorial…

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The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC circuit is an alternative to the binary-weighted-input…

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Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops

So far, we’ve studied both S-R and D latch circuits with enable…

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Multiplexers

A multiplexer, abbreviated mux, is a device that has multiple inputs…

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Digital Lab - Basic 2-Input NAND Gate Circuit

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test a 2-input digital NAND gate with LED indicators and learn to read pinout diagrams, power a digital IC, connect unused inputs and outputs, and use pulldown resistors.

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Look-up Tables

Having learned about digital memory devices in the last chapter, we…

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555 Lab - Monostable Multivibrator (One-shot)

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a monostable multivibrator using a 555 timer IC and learn about RC time constant charging and how a one-shot timer operates.

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High-Reliability Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…

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Using Multiple Combinational Circuits

As an example of using several circuits together, we are going to make…

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Encoder

What is an Encoder? An encoder is a circuit that changes a set of…

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The S-R Latch

A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…

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Logic Signal Voltage Levels

Input Voltages for Logic Gates Logic gate circuits are designed to…

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Analysis Techniques for Series Parallel Resistor Circuits

Guidelines to Series-Parallel Combination Circuit Analysis The goal of…

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TTL Logic Gates

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…

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Series-Parallel Combination AC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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The Gated S-R Latch

It is sometimes useful in logic circuits to have a multivibrator which…

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TTL NAND and AND gates

Suppose we altered our basic open-collector inverter circuit, adding a…

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Design Project: Logic Probe

What factors determine where potentiometers Rpot1 and Rpot2 must be…

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Boolean Rules for Simplification

Boolean algebra finds its most practical use in the simplification of…

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Design Project: Telegraph System

What voltage will you choose to use for each of the station batteries?

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Band-stop Filters

How to Create a Band-stop Filter? Also called band-elimination,…

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Questions relating to project management

NAME:…

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Decibel Measurements

During the early development of telephone technology, a unit was…

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Venn Diagrams and Sets

Mathematicians use Venn diagrams to show the logical relationships of…

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Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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AC Phase

Things start to get complicated when we need to relate two or more AC…

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Sum and Product Notation

For reference, this section introduces the terminology used in some…

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Mutual Inductance and Basic Operation

Behaviors of Inductors wrapped around a Conductive Core Suppose we…

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Capacitor Impedance Calculator

This tool calculates a capacitor's reactance for a given capacitance value and signal frequency.

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Tools

Digital Logic With Feedback

With simple gate and combinational logic circuits, there is a definite…

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Time Constant Calculations

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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High Voltage Ohmmeters

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…

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Digital Ramp ADC

Also known as the stairstep-ramp, or simply counter A/D converter,…

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Elementary Circuits

In the simplest terms you can think of, define what an electrical…

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AC Resistor Circuits (Capacitive)

Pure resistive AC circuit: voltage and current are in phase.  …

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The common-drain Amplifier (JFET)

RELATED WORKSHEETS: JFET Amplifiers Worksheet

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555 Lab - Blue LED Flasher With Voltage Doubler

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a blue LED flasher using a 555 timer and learn the basic theory of a voltage doubler using a transistor switch and a capacitor.

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DC Lab - Current Divider

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build resistive current dividers and observe how Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's current law function in real circuits using a voltmeter and an ammeter.

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Basic Ammeter Use

Show how this ammeter would be connected to the light bulb circuit to…

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