This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…
In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a custom operational amplifier (op amp) and learn about the application of current mirrors and the use of negative feedback in op amp circuits.
Thyristors are a class of semiconductor components exhibiting…
In this hands-on electronics experiment, construct a signal generator circuit that creates two different types of ramp signals and learn how capacitors charge when connected to resistors and constant current sources.
Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…
What Is a R/2nR DAC Circuit? The R/2nR DAC circuit, otherwise known as…
A rheostat (variable resistor) and a switch are both examples of…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…
In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, construct a common-emitter amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and learn about amplifier gain and feedback.
This calculator provides three options—basic, intermediate, and advanced—for determining expected battery life for microcontroller, Internet of Things (IoT), and edge processing systems with up to four different operating modes.
The following circuits are pre-tested netlists for SPICE 2g6, complete…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
If we connect the output of an op-amp to its inverting input and apply…
It may seem difficult to even start on a project such as this, with no…
Instrumentation is a field of study and work centering on measurement…
The circuit in the previous section is not a very practical one. In…
As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration…
Whenever electrons flow through a conductor, a magnetic field will…
Learn the Power Formula We’ve seen the formula for determining…
SPICE analysis of Electrical Isolation Aside from the ability to…
This calculator is designed to compute the parameters required to design a Pi-Match Impedance Circuit
The Functionality of Diode Polarity Being able to determine the…
Varicap or varactor diodes A variable capacitance diode is known as a…
Previously, we examined series circuits and parallel circuits using…
In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) current regulator and learn some of the advantages of JFETs over BJTs for current regulation.
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…
Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…
All About Diodes A diode is an electrical device allowing current to…
Voltage Components in a parallel circuit share the same voltage:…
Over the course of learning about electricity, you will want to…
Long before the advent of digital electronic technology, computers…
The instrumentation amplifier calculator will assist in the design and analysis of a conventional instrumentation amplifier circuit by calculating the required resistor values and gain.
Wiring for AC and DC power distribution branch circuits are color…
In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will construct a voltage detector with adjustable sensitivity and audio output, and you will learn a method for detecting small electrical signals without an oscilloscope.
The logic simplification examples that we have done so far could have…
Suppose you were to take a 3 kW electric heater rated for 240 VAC and…
Because batteries create current flow in a circuit by exchanging…
A special type of relay is one that monitors the current, voltage,…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…
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As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration…
Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…
In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple DC voltage regulator circuit and learn how to use reverse-biased Zener diodes as voltage clamps.
∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…
Boolean algebra finds its most practical use in the simplification of…
Suppose we wished to measure the resistance of some component located…
Input impedance varies considerably with the circuit configuration…
There are not too many circuit symbols for bipolar transistors. There…
Most of us have experienced some form of electric “shock,”…
The concept of a mathematical power is familiar to most students of…
Just like voltmeters, ammeters tend to influence the amount of current…
Resistors vs. Inductors Inductors do not behave the same way as…
The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…
In our study of AC circuits thus far, we’ve explored circuits…
