All About Circuits

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Inductive Reactance

Inductive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Most AC motors are induction motors. Induction motors are favored due…


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DC Generator Theory

DC Generator Theory

Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…


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DC Motor Control Circuits

DC Motor Control Circuits

How is it possible to electrically measure the torque output by a…


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Oscilloscope Trigger Controls

Oscilloscope Trigger Controls

A very useful tool for observing rotating objects is a strobe light.…


Worksheets - Electric Vehicles

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an automotive alternator to generate three-phase AC voltage and learn how alternators can function as both generators and motors.


Textbook

AC Motor Control Circuits

AC Motor Control Circuits

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…


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Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…


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Single-phase Induction Motors

Single-phase Induction Motors

A three-phase motor may be run from a single-phase power source.…


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Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…


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AC Instrumentation Transducers

AC Instrumentation Transducers

Just as devices have been made to measure certain physical quantities…


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What is Alternating Current (AC)?

What is Alternating Current (AC)?

Most students of electricity begin their study with what is known as…


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Servo Motor Systems

Servo Motor Systems

Explain the operation of this “H-bridge” motor control circuit: At…


Worksheets - Electric Vehicles

Wound Rotor Induction Motors

Wound Rotor Induction Motors

A wound rotor induction motor has a stator like a squirrel cage…


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DC Motor Theory

DC Motor Theory

If the ends of a wire loop are attached to two half-circular metal…


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Contactors

Contactors

All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of…


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Synchronous Motors

Synchronous Motors

Single Phase Synchronous Motors Single-phase synchronous motors are…


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AC Motor Theory

AC Motor Theory

Electromechanical watt-hour meters use an aluminum disk that is spun…


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Motor Control Circuits

Motor Control Circuits

The interlock contacts installed in the previous section’s motor…


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Reluctance Motor

Reluctance Motor

The variable reluctance motor is based on the principle that an…


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Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

At first it may seem pointless to have the four buffer gates following…


Worksheets - Electric Vehicles

Lenz’s Law and Faraday’s Law Calculator

Lenz’s Law and Faraday’s Law Calculator

This calculator uses Faraday's and Lenz's laws to calculate the magnitude and polarity of the induced electromotive force (EMF) caused by a change in magnetic flux through a closed-loop coil.


Tools

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Calculate the voltage output by the secondary winding of a transformer…


Worksheets - Electric Vehicles

DC Generator Theory

DC Generator Theory

Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…


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Electric Shock

Electric Shock

It is sometimes said regarding electrical safety that, Ït’s not the…


Worksheets - Electric Vehicles

DC Lab - Potentiometer as a Rheostat

DC Lab - Potentiometer as a Rheostat

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use a potentiometer as a variable resistor to control the speed of a motor and learn how to connect a potentiometer as a rheostat.


Textbook

Torque Conversion Calculator

Torque Conversion Calculator

A tool designed to convert between units of torque


Tools

AC Motor Theory

AC Motor Theory

Electromechanical watt-hour meters use an aluminum disk that is spun…


Worksheets - Electric Vehicles

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.


Textbook

AC Lab - Large Induction Motor

AC Lab - Large Induction Motor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a large AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.


Textbook

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…


Textbook

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an automotive alternator to generate three-phase AC voltage and learn how alternators can function as both generators and motors.


Textbook

AC Instrumentation Transducers

AC Instrumentation Transducers

Just as devices have been made to measure certain physical quantities…


Textbook

Linear Computational Circuitry

Linear Computational Circuitry

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Electric Vehicles

Selsyn (Synchro) Motors

Selsyn (Synchro) Motors

Normally, the rotor windings of a wound rotor induction motor are…


Textbook

Boolean Algebra

Boolean Algebra

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Electric Vehicles

Wound Rotor Induction Motors

Wound Rotor Induction Motors

A wound rotor induction motor has a stator like a squirrel cage…


Textbook

DC Motor Control Circuits

DC Motor Control Circuits

How is it possible to electrically measure the torque output by a…


Worksheets - Electric Vehicles

Servo Motor Systems

Servo Motor Systems

Explain the operation of this “H-bridge” motor control circuit: At…


Worksheets - Electric Vehicles

Inductive Reactance

Inductive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Electric Vehicles

RF Power Conversion Calculator

RF Power Conversion Calculator

A tool designed to convert RF power from watts to decibels and vice versa


Tools

Susceptance and Admittance

Susceptance and Admittance

What is Conductance? In the study of DC circuits, the student of…


Textbook

Physical Effects of Electricity

Physical Effects of Electricity

Certain substances are known to physically deform (shorten or…


Worksheets - Electric Vehicles

Voltage Multipliers (Doublers, Triplers, Quadruplers, and More)

Voltage Multipliers (Doublers, Triplers, Quadruplers, and More)

A voltage multiplier is a specialized rectifier circuit producing…


Textbook

DC Lab - Rheostat Range Limiting

DC Lab - Rheostat Range Limiting

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use series and parallel resistor networks to precisely adjust the range and zero point of a rheostat.


Textbook

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Class B push-pull audio amplifier to drive a speaker and learn about crossover distortion and how to minimize it using negative feedback.


Textbook

N-Way Power Divider Calculator

N-Way Power Divider Calculator

This calculator determines the total path loss provided by an RF n-way power splitter.


Tools

The TRIAC

The TRIAC

SCRs are unidirectional (one-way) current devices, making them useful…


Textbook

555 Lab - Introduction to the 555 Timer IC

555 Lab - Introduction to the 555 Timer IC

In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test mixed-signal analog and digital circuits using the versatile 555 timer IC. These projects will teach you about RC time constants, duty cycle, transistor current drive, LEDs, voltage doublers, and more.


Textbook

Mutual Inductance

Mutual Inductance

When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, what…


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Karnaugh Mapping

Karnaugh Mapping

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…


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Decibel Measurements

Decibel Measurements

During the early development of telephone technology, a unit was…


Worksheets - Electric Vehicles

Single-phase Power Systems

Single-phase Power Systems

Single phase power system schematic diagram shows little about the…


Textbook

Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Identify some different ways you can create the sine-wave audio tracks…


Worksheets - Electric Vehicles

Introduction to Karnaugh Mapping

Introduction to Karnaugh Mapping

Why learn about Karnaugh maps? The Karnaugh map, like Boolean…


Textbook

Network Protocols

Network Protocols

Aside from the issues of the physical network (signal types and…


Textbook

AC Commutator Motors

AC Commutator Motors

Charles Proteus Steinmetz’s first job after arriving in America…


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Sequences

Sequences

Arithmetic Sequences An arithmetic sequence is a series of numbers…


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SPICE Simulation of Series and Parallel Circuits

SPICE Simulation of Series and Parallel Circuits

Previously, we examined series circuits and parallel circuits using…


Textbook

Building Resistor Circuits Using Breadboards, Perfboards, and Terminal Strips

Building Resistor Circuits Using Breadboards, Perfboards, and Terminal Strips

Over the course of learning about electricity, you will want to…


Textbook