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Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Who Developed the Karnaugh Map? Maurice Karnaugh, a…


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Octal and Hexadecimal Numeration

Octal and Hexadecimal Numeration

Because binary numeration requires so many bits to represent…


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Introduction to Digital Communication

Introduction to Digital Communication

In the design of large and complex digital systems, it is often…


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Asynchronous Counters

Asynchronous Counters

In the previous section, we saw a circuit using one J-K flip-flop that…


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Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger Karnaugh maps reduce larger logic designs. How large is large…


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Servo Motor Systems

Servo Motor Systems

Explain the operation of this “H-bridge” motor control circuit: At…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Switch Types

Switch Types

Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…


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Timer Circuits

Timer Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Digital Communication

Digital Communication

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

TTL NOR and OR gates

TTL NOR and OR gates

TTL Circuit Analysis Let’s examine the following TTL circuit and…


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555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.


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Vol IV. Credits

Vol IV. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


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Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Parallel-in/ serial-out shift registers do everything that the…


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555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator with hysteresis from a Schmitt trigger and learn how to use it to create an RC oscillator and a method to configure a 555 timer as an astable multivibrator.


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Intro Lab - How to Use an Ohmmeter to Measure Resistance

Intro Lab - How to Use an Ohmmeter to Measure Resistance

In this hands-on introduction to electronics, you will experiment with a multimeter and learn how to measure resistance using the ohmmeter function.


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DIP Gate Packaging

DIP Gate Packaging

Digital logic gate circuits are manufactured as integrated circuits:…


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Digital Ramp ADC

Digital Ramp ADC

Also known as the stairstep-ramp, or simply counter A/D converter,…


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Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

At first it may seem pointless to have the four buffer gates following…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

555 Lab - Introduction to the 555 Timer IC

555 Lab - Introduction to the 555 Timer IC

In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test mixed-signal analog and digital circuits using the versatile 555 timer IC. These projects will teach you about RC time constants, duty cycle, transistor current drive, LEDs, voltage doublers, and more.


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BJT Quirks

BJT Quirks

An ideal transistor would show 0% distortion in amplifying a signal.…


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Minterm vs Maxterm Solution

Minterm vs Maxterm Solution

So far we have been finding Sum-Of-Product (SOP) solutions to logic…


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Class B BJT Amplifiers

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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The J-K Flip-Flop

The J-K Flip-Flop

Another variation on a theme of bistable multivibrators is the J-K…


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Shock Current Path

Shock Current Path

As we’ve already learned, electricity requires a complete path…


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Decibel Calculator

Decibel Calculator

This calculator will convert voltage or power gains into decibels. Enter one of the three values and the calculator will output the other two.


Tools

Synchronous Condenser

Synchronous Condenser

Synchronous motors load the power line with a leading power factor.…


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Batteries

Batteries

If I wanted to build a battery-powered electric drill, would it be…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Differential Equations

Differential Equations

As opposed to normal equations where the solution is a number, a…


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Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Let’s count from zero to twenty using four different kinds of…


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What is a Series-Parallel Circuit?

What is a Series-Parallel Circuit?

With simple series circuits, all components are connected end-to-end…


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Inductance

Inductance

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! One of the fundamental principles of…


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Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)

Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)

The Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (IGFET), also known as…


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Polyphase Motor Design

Polyphase Motor Design

AC Motors Perhaps the most important benefit of polyphase AC power…


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Negative Binary Numbers

Negative Binary Numbers

With addition being easily accomplished, we can perform the operation…


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Combination Tubes

Combination Tubes

Similar in thought to the idea of the integrated circuit, tube…


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Parallel Resistor-Inductor Circuits

Parallel Resistor-Inductor Circuits

Let’s take the same components for our series example circuit…


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DC Lab - Thermoelectricity

DC Lab - Thermoelectricity

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a thermocouple to measure temperature changes and learn about the Seebeck effect.


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Contributors (1)

Contributors (1)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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The Common-source Amplifier (IGFET)

The Common-source Amplifier (IGFET)


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Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a voltage follower amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in common-collector configuration and learn about circuit ground and impedance transformations.


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Semiconductor Devices in SPICE

Semiconductor Devices in SPICE

The SPICE (Simulation Program, Integrated Circuit Emphesis)…


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Voltage and Current Calculations

Voltage and Current Calculations

There’s a sure way to calculate any of the values in a reactive…


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RMS Voltage Calculator

RMS Voltage Calculator

This calculator calculates the RMS Voltage value from either the peak voltage, the peak-to-peak voltage, or the average voltage.


Tools

Elementary Circuits

Elementary Circuits

In the simplest terms you can think of, define what an electrical…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Factors Affecting Capacitance

Factors Affecting Capacitance

There are three basic factors of capacitor construction determining…


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Class C BJT Amplifiers

Class C BJT Amplifiers

A common class of operation used in radio-frequency (RF) amplifier…


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Hyperbolic Functions

Hyperbolic Functions

Note: all angles (x) must be expressed in units of radians for these…


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Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction

While Oersted’s surprising discovery of electromagnetism paved…


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General Troubleshooting Tips

General Troubleshooting Tips

When first approaching a failed or otherwise misbehaving system, the…


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Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)

Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)

The Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (IGFET), also known as…


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Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

A parallel circuit is often called a current divider for its ability…


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Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Calculate the voltage output by the secondary winding of a transformer…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Millman’s Theorem

Millman’s Theorem

In Millman’s Theorem, the circuit is re-drawn as a parallel…


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Light-Pulse Switch

Light-Pulse Switch

It is fairly important to use large value resistors (10 MΩ works…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Lock-out / Tag-out

Lock-out / Tag-out

In this motor control circuit, how would you ensure that there is no…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

What shape of voltage waveform would you expect to measure (using an…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Rules for Antiderivatives

Rules for Antiderivatives

Constant Rule     Rule of Sums     Rule of…


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Memory with moving parts: “Drives”

Memory with moving parts: “Drives”

The earliest forms of digital data storage involving moving parts was…


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The “Buffer” Gate

The “Buffer” Gate

If we were to connect two inverter gates together so that the output…


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