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Conventional Transistor Overview and Special Transistors

Conventional Transistor Overview and Special Transistors

A microcontroller is a specialized type of digital computer used to…


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Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

What does the normal status of an electrical switch refer to?…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Encoder

Encoder

What is an Encoder? An encoder is a circuit that changes a set of…


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Digital Logic With Feedback

Digital Logic With Feedback

With simple gate and combinational logic circuits, there is a definite…


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Encoders and Decoders

Encoders and Decoders

What does it mean, in general terms, to encode something? Conversely,…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

The S-R Latch

The S-R Latch

A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…


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Digital Ramp ADC

Digital Ramp ADC

Also known as the stairstep-ramp, or simply counter A/D converter,…


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Octal and Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion

Octal and Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion

Although the prime intent of octal and hexadecimal numeration systems…


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Monostable Multivibrators

Monostable Multivibrators

We’ve already seen one example of a monostable multivibrator in…


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Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


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Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test an automated circuit that sequentially flashes 10 LED, and learn about counters, frequency dividers, and switch debouncing.


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Vol IV. Credits

Vol IV. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


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Performance-Based Assessments for Digital Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Digital Circuit Competencies

(Template)


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out  (SIPO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out (SIPO) Conversion

A serial-in, parallel-out shift register is similar to the serial-in,…


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Negative Binary Numbers

Negative Binary Numbers

With addition being easily accomplished, we can perform the operation…


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Computational Circuits

Computational Circuits

When someone mentions the word “computer,” a digital…


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Digital Lab - S-R Flip-flop Using NAND Gates

Digital Lab - S-R Flip-flop Using NAND Gates

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an edge-triggered S-R flip-flop, learn the difference between a latch and a flip-flop, and experience how a switch bounce can cause logic errors.


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Boolean Arithmetic

Boolean Arithmetic

Let us begin our exploration of Boolean algebra by adding numbers…


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Why digital?

Why digital?

Although many textbooks provide good introductions to digital memory…


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Introduction to Combinational Logic Functions

Introduction to Combinational Logic Functions

The term “combinational” comes to us from mathematics. In…


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Table (portrait view)

Table (portrait view)

  Periodic table of chemical elements.


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Wire Loop Inductance Calculator

Wire Loop Inductance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the inductance of a wire loop.


Tools

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Every meter impacts the circuit it is measuring to some extent, just…


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JFET Biasing Techniques

JFET Biasing Techniques

Using an example, learn about the different bias techniques for junction field effect transistors (JFETs) like the constant voltage bias, self-bias configuration, and voltage divider biasing.


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Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will examine the heat generated by resistors and maybe even make one smoke! Also, learn to calculate power dissipation using Joule's law and resistor power ratings.


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Binary Math Circuits

Binary Math Circuits

Add the following binary numbers:


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Binary Addition

Binary Addition

The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…


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Gas Discharge Tubes

Gas Discharge Tubes

If you’ve ever witnessed a lightning storm, you’ve seen…


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Look-up Tables

Look-up Tables

Having learned about digital memory devices in the last chapter, we…


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Analog Lab - 555 Ramp Signal Generator

Analog Lab - 555 Ramp Signal Generator

In this hands-on electronics experiment, construct a signal generator circuit that creates two different types of ramp signals and learn how capacitors charge when connected to resistors and constant current sources.


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Boolean Relationships on Venn Diagrams

Boolean Relationships on Venn Diagrams

The fourth example has A partially overlapping B. Though, we will…


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Sequences

Sequences

Arithmetic Sequences An arithmetic sequence is a series of numbers…


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Universal Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Parallel-out

Universal Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Parallel-out

The purpose of the parallel-in/ parallel-out shift register is to take…


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Logarithms

Logarithms

Definition of a Logarithm     “log” denotes a…


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Inductive Reactance

Inductive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

MESFETs

MESFETs


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Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

This calculator determines the bias and feedback of resistors for an inverting op-amp.


Tools

Twisted-Pair Impedance Calculator

Twisted-Pair Impedance Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of a twisted-pair cable


Tools

Thermocouples

Thermocouples

Seebeck Effect An interesting phenomenon applied in the field of…


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Fundamentals of SPICE programming

Fundamentals of SPICE programming

Programming a circuit simulation with SPICE is much like programming…


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Kelvin (4-wire) Resistance Measurement

Kelvin (4-wire) Resistance Measurement

Suppose we wished to measure the resistance of some component located…


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Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

This calculator is designed to compute the parameters required to design a Pi-Match Impedance Circuit


Tools

Magnetic Units of Measurement

Magnetic Units of Measurement

In electric circuits, the three basic quantities are voltage (E or V),…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Stepper Motor Calculator

Stepper Motor Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the maximum speed, minimum time per step and maximum power of a stepper motor


Tools

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Serial-out

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Serial-out

Serial-in, serial-out shift registers delay data by one clock time for…


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Table (landscape view)

Table (landscape view)

Periodic table of chemical elements.


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T-Match Impedance Matching Circuits

T-Match Impedance Matching Circuits

A tool designed to compute the values to be used in a T-match Impedance Circuit


Tools

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Class A BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Free Space Path Loss Calculator

Free Space Path Loss Calculator

This calculator calculates the free space loss, given the distance, frequency, and gain, between two antennas.


Tools

JFET Quirks

JFET Quirks


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AC Bridge Circuits

AC Bridge Circuits

As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration…


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Thyristor Application Circuits

Thyristor Application Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

A handy all-in-one tool for reading resistor color code values for a 4 band resistor, 5 band resistor, or 6 band resistor.


Tools

Wound Rotor Induction Motors

Wound Rotor Induction Motors

A wound rotor induction motor has a stator like a squirrel cage…


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Calculating Electric Power

Calculating Electric Power

Learn the Power Formula We’ve seen the formula for determining…


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Wires and Connections

Wires and Connections

Older electrical schematics showed connecting wires crossing, while…


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AC Generator Theory

AC Generator Theory

If an electric current is passed through this wire, which direction…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

DC Lab - Thermoelectricity

DC Lab - Thermoelectricity

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a thermocouple to measure temperature changes and learn about the Seebeck effect.


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Algebraic Substitution for Electric Circuits

Algebraic Substitution for Electric Circuits

There are two basic Ohm’s Law equations: one relating voltage,…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Solving Simultaneous Equations: The Substitution Method and the Addition Method

Solving Simultaneous Equations: The Substitution Method and the Addition Method

What are Simultaneous Equations and Systems of Equations? The terms…


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