All About Circuits

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Finite-state Machine

Finite-state Machine

Feedback is a fascinating engineering principle. It can turn a rather…


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CMOS Logic Gates

CMOS Logic Gates

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Analog Lab - 555 Oscillator (Astable Multivibrator)

Analog Lab - 555 Oscillator (Astable Multivibrator)

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator using a 555 timer and learn the theory of operation of the 555 timer when configured as an astable multivibrator.


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Boolean Rules for Simplification

Boolean Rules for Simplification

Boolean algebra finds its most practical use in the simplification of…


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Binary Addition

Binary Addition

The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…


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Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Who Developed the Karnaugh Map? Maurice Karnaugh, a…


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Programmable Logic Controllers

Programmable Logic Controllers

The Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC, was invented in the late…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Multiplexers

Multiplexers

A multiplexer, abbreviated mux, is a device that has multiple inputs…


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Computational Circuits

Computational Circuits

When someone mentions the word “computer,” a digital…


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TTL NOR and OR gates

TTL NOR and OR gates

TTL Circuit Analysis Let’s examine the following TTL circuit and…


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Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

A Binary Adder

A Binary Adder

Suppose we wanted to build a device that could add two binary bits…


Textbook

Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger Karnaugh maps reduce larger logic designs. How large is large…


Textbook

Boolean Algebra

Boolean Algebra

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Introduction to Karnaugh Mapping

Introduction to Karnaugh Mapping

Why learn about Karnaugh maps? The Karnaugh map, like Boolean…


Textbook

Performance-Based Assessments for Digital Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Digital Circuit Competencies

(Template)


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Analysis Techniques for Series Parallel Resistor Circuits

Analysis Techniques for Series Parallel Resistor Circuits

Guidelines to Series-Parallel Combination Circuit Analysis The goal of…


Textbook

Half-Adder

Half-Adder

As a first example of useful combinational logic, let’s build a…


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Decoder

Decoder

A decoder is a circuit that changes a code into a set of signals. It…


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Digital Ramp ADC

Digital Ramp ADC

Also known as the stairstep-ramp, or simply counter A/D converter,…


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Specific Resistance of Conductors

Specific Resistance of Conductors

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Twisted-Pair Impedance Calculator

Twisted-Pair Impedance Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of a twisted-pair cable


Tools

Voltage/Current Converter OpAmp Circuits

Voltage/Current Converter OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Calculating Electric Power

Calculating Electric Power

Learn the Power Formula We’ve seen the formula for determining…


Textbook

AC phase

AC phase

If we were to express the series-connected DC voltages as phasors…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

IGFET Quirks

IGFET Quirks


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JFET Quirks

JFET Quirks


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Series R, L, and C

Series R, L, and C

Let’s take the following example circuit and analyze it:  …


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Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a voltage follower amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in common-collector configuration and learn about circuit ground and impedance transformations.


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Overcurrent Protection

Overcurrent Protection

What hazards might be posed by a circuit with excessive current going…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Calculus for Electric Circuits

Calculus for Electric Circuits

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Resonance

Resonance

The Q factor of a series inductive circuit is given by the following…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Semiconductor Manufacturing Techniques

Semiconductor Manufacturing Techniques

The manufacture of only silicon based semiconductors is described…


Textbook

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave bridge rectifier using silicon diodes and learn some of this circuit's advantages and disadvantages.


Textbook

Series Resistor-Inductor Circuits

Series Resistor-Inductor Circuits

In the previous section, we explored what would happen in simple…


Textbook

DC Circuit Equations and Laws

DC Circuit Equations and Laws

Power Equation of Ohm’s Law and Joule’s Law    …


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Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

Note the “50 ohm” rating printed on the jacket of the cable. What…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Power Supply Circuits

Power Supply Circuits

There are three major kinds of power supplies: unregulated (also…


Textbook

Building Resistor Circuits Using Breadboards, Perfboards, and Terminal Strips

Building Resistor Circuits Using Breadboards, Perfboards, and Terminal Strips

Over the course of learning about electricity, you will want to…


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Table (portrait view)

Table (portrait view)

  Periodic table of chemical elements.


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Transistor Ratings and Packages (IGFET)

Transistor Ratings and Packages (IGFET)


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Applications of Resonance

Applications of Resonance

So far, the phenomenon of resonance appears to be a useless curiosity,…


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Practical Power Factor Correction

Practical Power Factor Correction

When the need arises to correct for poor power factor in an AC power…


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Analysis Options

Analysis Options

AC ANALYSIS: General form: .ac [curve] [points] [start] [final]…


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Digital Ramp ADC

Digital Ramp ADC

Also known as the stairstep-ramp, or simply counter A/D converter,…


Textbook

Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

A handy all-in-one tool for reading resistor color code values for a 4 band resistor, 5 band resistor, or 6 band resistor.


Tools

“Ladder” Diagrams

“Ladder” Diagrams

Ladder diagrams are specialized schematics commonly used to document…


Textbook

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Sum and Product Notation

Sum and Product Notation

For reference, this section introduces the terminology used in some…


Textbook

Vol II. Credits

Vol II. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


Textbook

Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator with hysteresis from a Schmitt trigger and learn how to use it to create an RC oscillator and a method to configure a 555 timer as an astable multivibrator.


Textbook

Series and Parallel Component Equivalent Values

Series and Parallel Component Equivalent Values

Series and Parallel Resistances     Series and Parallel…


Textbook

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier With Output Filtering

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier With Output Filtering

In this hands-on semiconductor experiment, build an improved full-wave rectifier with output filtering and learn about capacitive filtering in AC-to-DC power converters.


Textbook

Energy, Work, and Power

Energy, Work, and Power

Define the following terms: energy, work, and power.


Worksheets - Digital ICs

The Gated S-R Latch

The Gated S-R Latch

It is sometimes useful in logic circuits to have a multivibrator which…


Textbook

The TRIAC

The TRIAC

SCRs are unidirectional (one-way) current devices, making them useful…


Textbook