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Look-up Tables

Look-up Tables

Having learned about digital memory devices in the last chapter, we…


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Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger Karnaugh maps reduce larger logic designs. How large is large…


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Counters

Counters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Encoder

Encoder

What is an Encoder? An encoder is a circuit that changes a set of…


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Performance-Based Assessments for Digital Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Digital Circuit Competencies

(Template)


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Op-amp Circuits

Op-amp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator with hysteresis from a Schmitt trigger and learn how to use it to create an RC oscillator and a method to configure a 555 timer as an astable multivibrator.


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High-Reliability Circuits

High-Reliability Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution.…


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Digital Logic With Feedback

Digital Logic With Feedback

With simple gate and combinational logic circuits, there is a definite…


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Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Let’s count from zero to twenty using four different kinds of…


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Octal and Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion

Octal and Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion

Although the prime intent of octal and hexadecimal numeration systems…


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Digital Lab - S-R Latch Using NOR Gates

Digital Lab - S-R Latch Using NOR Gates

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an S-R latch using two NOR gates and learn how this type of digital memory operates, including invalid states, race conditions, and the effects of output loading.


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Servo Motor Systems

Servo Motor Systems

Explain the operation of this “H-bridge” motor control circuit: At…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Diode Switching Circuits

Diode Switching Circuits

Diodes can perform switching and digital logic operations. Forward and…


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Digital Lab - S-R Latch With Enable Input using NAND Gates

Digital Lab - S-R Latch With Enable Input using NAND Gates

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an S-R latch with an enabled input using four NAND gates and learn more about digital circuit functionality.


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Time-delay Relays

Time-delay Relays

What are Time-Delay Relays? Some relays are constructed with a kind of…


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TTL NOR and OR gates

TTL NOR and OR gates

TTL Circuit Analysis Let’s examine the following TTL circuit and…


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Asynchronous Counters

Asynchronous Counters

In the previous section, we saw a circuit using one J-K flip-flop that…


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Light-Pulse Switch

Light-Pulse Switch

It is fairly important to use large value resistors (10 MΩ works…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Hyperbolic Functions

Hyperbolic Functions

Note: all angles (x) must be expressed in units of radians for these…


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Programmable Logic Controllers

Programmable Logic Controllers

The Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC, was invented in the late…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Every meter impacts the circuit it is measuring to some extent, just…


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Circuit Components

Circuit Components

Remember that this tutorial is not exhaustive by any means, and that…


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Measurement Circuits

Measurement Circuits

Figure below shows a photodiode amplifier for measuring low levels of…


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Contributors (7)

Contributors (7)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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Contributors (4)

Contributors (4)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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Contributors (11)

Contributors (11)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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The Common-gate Amplifier (IGFET)

The Common-gate Amplifier (IGFET)


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Static Electricity

Static Electricity

It was discovered centuries ago that certain types of materials would…


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Basic Oscilloscope Operation

Basic Oscilloscope Operation

An oscilloscope is a very useful piece of electronic test equipment.…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Soldering

Soldering

Both soldering irons and soldering guns are tools used in the process…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem is not so much a means of analysis…


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Radar Maximum Range Calculator

Radar Maximum Range Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate the maximum distance (range) that a radar can detect


Tools

Component Failure Analysis (Continued)

Component Failure Analysis (Continued)

“I consider that I understand an equation when I can predict the…


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Binary Count Sequence

Binary Count Sequence

If we examine a four-bit binary count sequence from 0000 to 1111, a…


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Complex Number Arithmetic

Complex Number Arithmetic

Since complex numbers are legitimate mathematical entities, just like…


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Noise Figure and Noise Temperature Calculator

Noise Figure and Noise Temperature Calculator

This calculator computes the noise figure and noise temperature in a system


Tools

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Why digital?

Why digital?

Although many textbooks provide good introductions to digital memory…


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Impedance Transformation

Impedance Transformation

Standing waves at the resonant frequency points of an open- or…


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Power Quality Measurement

Power Quality Measurement

It used to be with large AC power systems that “power…


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Slope (integrating) ADC

Slope (integrating) ADC

So far, we’ve only been able to escape the sheer volume of…


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Ammeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Ammeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Just like voltmeters, ammeters tend to influence the amount of current…


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L-Match Impedance Matching Circuits

L-Match Impedance Matching Circuits

This calculator is designed to compute for the parameters needed to design a L-Match Impedance Circuit


Tools

Binary Math Circuits

Binary Math Circuits

Add the following binary numbers:


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Noise Figure Calculator

Noise Figure Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the noise figure of cascaded amplifiers


Tools

IGBTs

IGBTs

Because of their insulated gates, IGFETs of all types have extremely…


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Sequences

Sequences

Arithmetic Sequences An arithmetic sequence is a series of numbers…


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Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

AC Motor Control Circuits

AC Motor Control Circuits

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave rectifier for AC to DC conversion and learn about center-tapped transformers.


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Delta and Wye 3-Phase Circuits

Delta and Wye 3-Phase Circuits

Label where each of the following electrical quantities would be found…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Wiring Color Codes

Wiring Color Codes

Wiring for AC and DC power distribution branch circuits are color…


Textbook

N-Way Power Divider Calculator

N-Way Power Divider Calculator

This calculator determines the total path loss provided by an RF n-way power splitter.


Tools

Wavelength (TEM) Calculator

Wavelength (TEM) Calculator

This calculator determines the wavelength of a signal given the frequency and dielectric constant.


Tools

Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

When a PCB designer speaks of dimensions in thous or mils, what does…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Insulator Breakdown Voltage

Insulator Breakdown Voltage

The atoms in insulating materials have very tightly-bound electrons,…


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