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Programmable Logic Controllers

Programmable Logic Controllers

The Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC, was invented in the late…


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Memory Devices

Memory Devices

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Flip-Flop Circuits

Flip-Flop Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

TTL NAND and AND gates

TTL NAND and AND gates

Suppose we altered our basic open-collector inverter circuit, adding a…


Textbook

Design Project: Power Inverter

Design Project: Power Inverter

A common topology for DC-AC power converter circuits uses a pair of…


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Boolean Algebraic Identities

Boolean Algebraic Identities

In mathematics, an identity is a statement true for all possible…


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Don’t Care Cells in the Karnaugh Map

Don’t Care Cells in the Karnaugh Map

Up to this point we have considered logic reduction problems where…


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Venn Diagrams and Sets

Venn Diagrams and Sets

Mathematicians use Venn diagrams to show the logical relationships of…


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Digital Logic Functions

Digital Logic Functions

We can construct a simple logic functions for our hypothetical lamp…


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Practical considerations - Digital Communication

Practical considerations - Digital Communication

A principal consideration for industrial control networks, where the…


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DIP Gate Packaging

DIP Gate Packaging

Digital logic gate circuits are manufactured as integrated circuits:…


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Latch Circuits

Latch Circuits

What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…


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Gate Universality

Gate Universality

NAND and NOR gates possess a special property: they are universal.…


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Synchronous Counters

Synchronous Counters

What is a Synchronous Counter? A synchronous counter, in contrast to…


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Vol III. Credits

Vol III. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


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Demultiplexers

Demultiplexers

A demultiplexer, sometimes abbreviated dmux, is a circuit that has one…


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555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Schmitt trigger using a 555 timer and learn about hysteresis and the inner workings of the extremely versatile 555 timer IC.


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Relay Construction

Relay Construction

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…


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TTL Logic Gates

TTL Logic Gates

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


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Introduction to Shift Registers

Introduction to Shift Registers

Shift registers, like counters, are a form of sequential…


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Practical Power Factor Correction

Practical Power Factor Correction

When the need arises to correct for poor power factor in an AC power…


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Algebraic Substitution for Electric Circuits

Algebraic Substitution for Electric Circuits

There are two basic Ohm’s Law equations: one relating voltage,…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Basic Voltmeter Use

Basic Voltmeter Use

What will this voltmeter register when connected to a battery as shown…


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Junction Field-effect Transistors

Junction Field-effect Transistors

The field effect transistor was proposed by Julius Lilienfeld in US…


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Precise Diode Circuits

Precise Diode Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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The TRIAC

The TRIAC

SCRs are unidirectional (one-way) current devices, making them useful…


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Power in Resistive and Reactive AC circuits

Power in Resistive and Reactive AC circuits

Consider a circuit for a single-phase AC power system, where a 120…


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Capacitors and Calculus

Capacitors and Calculus

Capacitors do not have a stable “resistance” as conductors…


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Node Voltage Method

Node Voltage Method

The node voltage method of DC network analysis solves for unknown…


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Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a voltage follower amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in common-collector configuration and learn about circuit ground and impedance transformations.


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AC Capacitor Circuits

AC Capacitor Circuits

Capacitors Vs. Resistors Capacitors do not behave the same as…


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Contributors (11)

Contributors (11)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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IGFET Amplifiers

IGFET Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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AC Lab - Sensing AC Magnetic Fields

AC Lab - Sensing AC Magnetic Fields

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will sense AC magnetic fields using a simple wire coil and learn about AC signal coupling, orientation effects, and the impact of shielding using different materials.


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Fuses

Fuses

Normally, the ampacity rating of a conductor is a circuit design…


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Ohmmeter Design

Ohmmeter Design

Though mechanical ohmmeter (resistance meter) designs are rarely used…


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R, L and C Summary

R, L and C Summary

With the notable exception of calculations for power (P), all AC…


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Lenz’s Law and Faraday’s Law Calculator

Lenz’s Law and Faraday’s Law Calculator

This calculator uses Faraday's and Lenz's laws to calculate the magnitude and polarity of the induced electromotive force (EMF) caused by a change in magnetic flux through a closed-loop coil.


Tools

AC Lab - Large Induction Motor

AC Lab - Large Induction Motor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a large AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.


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Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will control a light with a switch and learn the basics of connecting toggle (on/off) switches into circuits.


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Wire Self Inductance Calculator

Wire Self Inductance Calculator

This calculator will help compute the inductance of a length of wire.


Tools

How to Calculate Power in a Series and Parallel Circuit

How to Calculate Power in a Series and Parallel Circuit

When calculating the power dissipation of resistive components, we can…


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Fundamentals of Radio Communication

Fundamentals of Radio Communication

What does the acronym RF stand form, in reference to radio-related…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Branch Current Method Analysis

Branch Current Method Analysis

The most straightforward DC network analysis technique is the branch…


Textbook

Attenuators

Attenuators

What is Attenuators? Attenuators are passive devices. It is…


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Design Project: Logic Probe

Design Project: Logic Probe

What factors determine where potentiometers Rpot1 and Rpot2 must be…


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Energy, Work, and Power

Energy, Work, and Power

Define the following terms: energy, work, and power.


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Basic Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Basic Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

When lightning strikes, nearby magnetic compass needles may be seen to…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

From Electric to Electronic

From Electric to Electronic

Introduction This third volume of the book series Lessons In Electric…


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Vol V. Credits

Vol V. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


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RF Power Conversion Calculator

RF Power Conversion Calculator

A tool designed to convert RF power from watts to decibels and vice versa


Tools

Polarity of voltage drops

Polarity of voltage drops

When using conventional current flow, we can trace the direction of…


Textbook

The Common-gate Amplifier (IGFET)

The Common-gate Amplifier (IGFET)


Textbook

Transistor Biasing Calculations

Transistor Biasing Calculations

Although transistor switching circuits operate without bias, it is…


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Multimeters

Multimeters

Seeing as how a common meter movement can be made to function as a…


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The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)

The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)

  Notice something important here: taking the derivative of f(x)…


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Digital Display Circuits

Digital Display Circuits

What is the purpose of a seven-segment decoder circuit? What is a…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Dielectric Strengths for Insulators

Dielectric Strengths for Insulators

Dielectric strength in kilovolts per inch (kV/in): Material*…


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Binary Subtraction

Binary Subtraction

We can subtract one binary number from another by using the standard…


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Contactors

Contactors

All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of…


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