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Digital Memory Terms and Concepts

Digital Memory Terms and Concepts

When we store information in some kind of circuit or device, we not…


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Shift Registers: Serial-in, Serial-out

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Serial-out

Serial-in, serial-out shift registers delay data by one clock time for…


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Flip-Flop Circuits

Flip-Flop Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Electromechanical Relay Logic

Electromechanical Relay Logic

In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Analog and Digital Signals

Analog and Digital Signals

Instrumentation is a field of study and work centering on measurement…


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Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a digital combination lock with LED output indicators and learn about XOR gate functionality and how to implement NOR logic functionality using diodes.


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Digital Lab - S-R Flip-flop Using NAND Gates

Digital Lab - S-R Flip-flop Using NAND Gates

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an edge-triggered S-R flip-flop, learn the difference between a latch and a flip-flop, and experience how a switch bounce can cause logic errors.


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Historical, Nonmechanical Memory Technologies

Historical, Nonmechanical Memory Technologies

Perhaps the most ingenious technique was that of the delay line. A…


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Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…


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Sum and Product Notation

Sum and Product Notation

For reference, this section introduces the terminology used in some…


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Multiplexers

Multiplexers

A multiplexer, abbreviated mux, is a device that has multiple inputs…


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Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Read-only memory (ROM) is similar in design to static or dynamic RAM…


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Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Who Developed the Karnaugh Map? Maurice Karnaugh, a…


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Encoders and Decoders

Encoders and Decoders

What does it mean, in general terms, to encode something? Conversely,…


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Programmable Logic Technology

Programmable Logic Technology

Define the following acronyms as they apply to digital logic circuits:…


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The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC circuit is an alternative to the binary-weighted-input…


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TTL NAND and AND gates

TTL NAND and AND gates

Suppose we altered our basic open-collector inverter circuit, adding a…


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Karnaugh Mapping

Karnaugh Mapping

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…


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The Exclusive-OR Function: The XOR Gate

The Exclusive-OR Function: The XOR Gate

What Is an XOR Gate? One element conspicuously missing from the set of…


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Boolean Algebraic Properties

Boolean Algebraic Properties

Another type of mathematical identity, called a “property”…


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Coax Inductance Calculator

Coax Inductance Calculator

A calculator for computing the inductance of a coaxial cable.


Tools

Harmonics in Polyphase Power Systems

Harmonics in Polyphase Power Systems

In the chapter on mixed-frequency signals, we explored the concept of…


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Counter Modulus

Counter Modulus

Incomplete


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Biasing Techniques (BJT)

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…


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Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of voltage…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Op-Amp Voltage and Gain Calculator

Op-Amp Voltage and Gain Calculator

A calculator for computing the gain and output voltage of an operational amplifier


Tools

Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will control a light with a switch and learn the basics of connecting toggle (on/off) switches into circuits.


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Ammeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Ammeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Just like voltmeters, ammeters tend to influence the amount of current…


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Wire Self Inductance Calculator

Wire Self Inductance Calculator

This calculator will help compute the inductance of a length of wire.


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Polyphase Power Systems

Polyphase Power Systems

Explain the difference between a balanced polyphase system and an…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

High-Reliability Circuits

High-Reliability Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


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Complex Circuits

Complex Circuits

What do we do if we come across a circuit more complex than the simple…


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DC Mesh Current Analysis

DC Mesh Current Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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The Pentode

The Pentode

Another strategy for addressing the problem of secondary electrons…


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Voltmeter Design

Voltmeter Design

Suppose I were about to measure an unknown voltage with a manual-range…


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Wattmeter Design

Wattmeter Design

Power in an electric circuit is the product (multiplication) of…


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AC Lab - Sensing AC Electric Fields

AC Lab - Sensing AC Electric Fields

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will sense AC electric fields using the sensitive voltage detector and learn about capacitive coupling, EMI, and shielding techniques.


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Junction field-effect transistors (JFET)

Junction field-effect transistors (JFET)

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Electrical Transients

Electrical Transients

This chapter explores the response of capacitors and inductors to…


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Measurements of AC Magnitude

Measurements of AC Magnitude

So far we know that AC voltage alternates in polarity and AC current…


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Diode Ratings

Diode Ratings

In addition to forward voltage drop (Vf) and peak inverse voltage…


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Negative Feedback

Negative Feedback

If we connect the output of an op-amp to its inverting input and apply…


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Relay Construction

Relay Construction

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…


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Binary Addition

Binary Addition

The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…


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Monostable Multivibrators

Monostable Multivibrators

We’ve already seen one example of a monostable multivibrator in…


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Tachogenerators

Tachogenerators

An electromechanical generator is a device capable of producing…


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Karnaugh Mapping

Karnaugh Mapping

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…


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Measurement Circuits

Measurement Circuits

Figure below shows a photodiode amplifier for measuring low levels of…


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Amplifiers

Amplifiers

Practical Benefit of Active Devices The practical benefit of active…


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Transistor Ratings and Packages (BJT)

Transistor Ratings and Packages (BJT)

Like all electrical and electronic components, transistors are limited…


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Temperature Converter

Temperature Converter

Convert between Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin


Tools

Positive Feedback

Positive Feedback

As we’ve seen, negative feedback is an incredibly useful…


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Noise Figure Calculator

Noise Figure Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the noise figure of cascaded amplifiers


Tools

Analog Lab - Op Amp Integrator

Analog Lab - Op Amp Integrator

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog integrator using an operational amplifier and learn about integration functions, op amp input bias currents, and how to limit the voltage swing of a potentiometer.


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Field-effect-controlled Thyristors

Field-effect-controlled Thyristors

Two relatively recent technologies designed to reduce the…


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Mutual Inductance and Basic Operation

Mutual Inductance and Basic Operation

Behaviors of Inductors wrapped around a Conductive Core Suppose we…


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Octal and Hexadecimal Numeration

Octal and Hexadecimal Numeration

Because binary numeration requires so many bits to represent…


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Asynchronous Counters

Asynchronous Counters

In the previous section, we saw a circuit using one J-K flip-flop that…


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DC Lab - Build Your Own Multimeter

DC Lab - Build Your Own Multimeter

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a simple voltmeter and ammeter while learning some fundamentals about circuit measurements.


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Series Circuit Rules

Series Circuit Rules

Current Components in a series circuit share the same current: Itotal…


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