Biasing Techniques (BJT)

In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…

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Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution.…

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Signal Modulation

A modern method of electrical power control involves inserting a…

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Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…

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Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…

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AC Lab - Signal and Noise Coupling

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, power a DC motor through a multi-conductor cable to learn how AC signals are coupled between conductors and how to mitigate noise coupling.

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Linear Computational Circuitry

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Successive Approximation ADC

One method of addressing the digital ramp ADC’s shortcomings is…

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Introduction to Digital Communication

In the design of large and complex digital systems, it is often…

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AC Network Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Analog and Digital Signals

Instrumentation is a field of study and work centering on measurement…

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Square Wave Signals

It has been found that any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform can be…

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Digital-to-Analog Conversion

If a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal is sent to a passive…

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Summer and Subtractor OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Bandpass Filter Calculator

This calculates values of the inductance, capacitance of an inductor and capacitor used in a Butterworth LC bandpass filter.

Tools

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…

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Shift Registers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…

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The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

What Is a R/2nR DAC Circuit? The R/2nR DAC circuit, otherwise known as…

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Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

What shape of voltage waveform would you expect to measure (using an…

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Delta-Sigma ADC

One of the more advanced ADC technologies is the so-called…

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Microcontroller Principles

Read the following quotation, and then research the term…

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Current Signal Systems

Current Source It is possible through the use of electronic amplifiers…

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AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, an electronic musical keyboard will be used as a variable-frequency AC signal generator to learn the difference between AC amplitude and frequency.

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Introduction to Mixed-Frequency AC Signals

In our study of AC circuits thus far, we’ve explored circuits…

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Electrons and “holes’’

Pure semiconductors are relatively good insulators as compared with…

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JFET Quirks

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Copper Wire Gauge Table

Solid Copper Wire Table Size Diameter (inches) Cross-sectional area…

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555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator with hysteresis from a Schmitt trigger and learn how to use it to create an RC oscillator and a method to configure a 555 timer as an astable multivibrator.

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Digital Logic Signals

A rheostat (variable resistor) and a switch are both examples of…

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Computational Circuits

When someone mentions the word “computer,” a digital…

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Phasor Mathematics

Provide a definition for phasor, as the term applies to electrical…

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Meter Check of a Transistor (BJT)

Bipolar transistors are constructed of a three-layer semiconductor…

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Lenz’s Law and Faraday’s Law Calculator

This calculator uses Faraday's and Lenz's laws to calculate the magnitude and polarity of the induced electromotive force (EMF) caused by a change in magnetic flux through a closed-loop coil.

Tools

Potentiometers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Conductors and Insulators

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…

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What is a Series-Parallel Circuit?

With simple series circuits, all components are connected end-to-end…

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Active-mode Operation (BJT)

When a transistor is in the fully-off state (like an open switch), it…

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BJT Quirks

An ideal transistor would show 0% distortion in amplifying a signal.…

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Definite Integrals and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

        RELATED WORKSHEET: Calculus for Electric…

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Table (landscape view)

Periodic table of chemical elements.

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Factors Affecting Capacitance

There are three basic factors of capacitor construction determining…

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Overcurrent Protection

What hazards might be posed by a circuit with excessive current going…

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Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

What is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), and what…

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Voltage Multipliers (Doublers, Triplers, Quadruplers, and More)

A voltage multiplier is a specialized rectifier circuit producing…

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