Signal Modulation

A modern method of electrical power control involves inserting a…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution.…

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Biasing Techniques (BJT)

In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…

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Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Why digital?

Although many textbooks provide good introductions to digital memory…

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Textbook

The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC circuit is an alternative to the binary-weighted-input…

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Textbook

Mixed-Frequency Signals

What is a harmonic frequency? If an oscillator circuit outputs a…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution.…

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Textbook

Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

What shape of voltage waveform would you expect to measure (using an…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Tracking ADC

A third variation on the counter-DAC-based converter theme is, in my…

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Textbook

Linear Computational Circuitry

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Digital-to-Analog Conversion

If a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal is sent to a passive…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Digital Ramp ADC

Also known as the stairstep-ramp, or simply counter A/D converter,…

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Logic Signal Voltage Levels

Input Voltages for Logic Gates Logic gate circuits are designed to…

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Voltage-to-Current Signal Conversion

In instrumentation circuitry, DC signals are often used as analog…

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AC Network Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Signal Modulation

A modern method of electrical power control involves inserting a…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Voltage Signal Systems

The use of variable voltage for instrumentation signals seems a rather…

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The “Operational” Amplifier

Long before the advent of digital electronic technology, computers…

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Current Signal Systems

Current Source It is possible through the use of electronic amplifiers…

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Slope (integrating) ADC

So far, we’ve only been able to escape the sheer volume of…

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Summer and Subtractor OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Flash ADC

Also called the parallel A/D converter, this circuit is the simplest…

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Textbook

Square Root, Cube Root, and Nth Root Calculator

This calculator will determine the square root, cube root, or nth root of a given number, x.

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Tools

Inductor Sizing Equation

The Inductance Formula     Wheeler’s formulas for…

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Textbook

Non-right Triangle Trigonometry

The Law of Sines (for any triangle) The Law of Cosines (for any…

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Open-Loop OpAmp Circuits

Determine what the magnitude and polarity of the voltmeter’s…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Bit Grouping

The singular reason for learning and using the binary numeration…

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Contributors (14)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…

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Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

This calculator is designed to compute the parameters required to design a Pi-Match Impedance Circuit

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Tools

Parallel Wire Inductance Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate the inductance of two parallel wires

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Tools

Mutual Inductance and Basic Operation

Behaviors of Inductors wrapped around a Conductive Core Suppose we…

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Measurements of AC Magnitude

So far we know that AC voltage alternates in polarity and AC current…

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Sum and Product Notation

For reference, this section introduces the terminology used in some…

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DIP Gate Packaging

Digital logic gate circuits are manufactured as integrated circuits:…

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Physical Effects of Electricity

Certain substances are known to physically deform (shorten or…

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Design Project: Radio Transmitter

Research the FCC (Federal Communication Commission) guidelines on…

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Electrical Isolation

SPICE analysis of Electrical Isolation Aside from the ability to…

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Voltage and Current in a Practical Circuit

Because it takes energy to force charge to flow against the opposition…

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BJT Quirks

An ideal transistor would show 0% distortion in amplifying a signal.…

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Millman’s Theorem Revisited

You may have wondered where we got that strange equation for the…

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Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)

The invention of the bipolar transistor in 1948 ushered in a…

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Digital Memory Terms and Concepts

When we store information in some kind of circuit or device, we not…

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Encoder

What is an Encoder? An encoder is a circuit that changes a set of…

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