Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…

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Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution.…

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Signal Modulation

A modern method of electrical power control involves inserting a…

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Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Most AC motors are induction motors. Induction motors are favored due…

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Square Root, Cube Root, and Nth Root Calculator

This calculator will determine the square root, cube root, or nth root of a given number, x.

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Tools

Current Signal Systems

Current Source It is possible through the use of electronic amplifiers…

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Voltage-to-Current Signal Conversion

In instrumentation circuitry, DC signals are often used as analog…

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Passive Filter Circuits

In very simple, qualitative terms, rate the impedance of capacitors…

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AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, an electronic musical keyboard will be used as a variable-frequency AC signal generator to learn the difference between AC amplitude and frequency.

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Successive Approximation ADC

One method of addressing the digital ramp ADC’s shortcomings is…

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Introduction to Mixed-Frequency AC Signals

In our study of AC circuits thus far, we’ve explored circuits…

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Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier With Output Filtering

In this hands-on semiconductor experiment, build an improved full-wave rectifier with output filtering and learn about capacitive filtering in AC-to-DC power converters.

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Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Summer and Subtractor OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Shift Registers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

What Is a R/2nR DAC Circuit? The R/2nR DAC circuit, otherwise known as…

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Latch Circuits

What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Design Project: Signal Generator

Explain the principle of operation for the particular integrated…

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Slope (integrating) ADC

So far, we’ve only been able to escape the sheer volume of…

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Digital Ramp ADC

Also known as the stairstep-ramp, or simply counter A/D converter,…

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Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

What shape of voltage waveform would you expect to measure (using an…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Voltage Signal Systems

The use of variable voltage for instrumentation signals seems a rather…

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Contributors (5)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…

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555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a red LED flasher with a transistor drive to control the current and learn how to use transistors to provide current gain and how to limit LED current.

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AC Lab - Signal and Noise Coupling

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, power a DC motor through a multi-conductor cable to learn how AC signals are coupled between conductors and how to mitigate noise coupling.

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Series and Parallel Component Equivalent Values

Series and Parallel Resistances     Series and Parallel…

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Current Mirror BJTs

Bipolar Junction Transistor or BJT Current Mirror An often-used…

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Arc Flash and Arc Blast

Electromechanical relays used to start and stop high-power electric…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Asynchronous Counters

In the previous section, we saw a circuit using one J-K flip-flop that…

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Minterm vs Maxterm Solution

So far we have been finding Sum-Of-Product (SOP) solutions to logic…

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Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

In this introduction to series resistance circuits, we will explain…

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Introduction to Solid-state Device Theory

This chapter will cover the physics behind the operation of…

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Data - Resistance & Superconductor

Tables of specific resistance and temperature coefficient of…

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Metric Notation

The metric system, besides being a collection of measurement units for…

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The Silicon-Controlled Switch (SCS)

If we take the equivalent circuit of an SCR and add another external…

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Introduction to Complex Numbers

If I needed to describe the distance between two cities, I could…

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Rectifying Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

What is Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)? The principle known as…

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The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

Shockley Diodes and Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) Shockley…

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Class B BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Worksheets - Image Processing

Band-pass Filters

How to Create Band-pass Filter There are applications where a…

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Introduction to Mixed-Frequency AC Signals

In our study of AC circuits thus far, we’ve explored circuits…

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Textbook