All About Circuits

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Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

The Parallel Wires of Infinite Length Suppose, though, that we had a…


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Electromechanical Relay Logic

Electromechanical Relay Logic

In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as…


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Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Basic Voltmeter Use

Basic Voltmeter Use

What will this voltmeter register when connected to a battery as shown…


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Diode Switching Circuits

Diode Switching Circuits

Diodes can perform switching and digital logic operations. Forward and…


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Current Mirror BJTs

Current Mirror BJTs

Bipolar Junction Transistor or BJT Current Mirror An often-used…


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Zener Diodes

Zener Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will examine the heat generated by resistors and maybe even make one smoke! Also, learn to calculate power dissipation using Joule's law and resistor power ratings.


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DC Mesh Current Analysis

DC Mesh Current Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Special-purpose Batteries

Special-purpose Batteries

Mercury Standard Cell Back in the early days of electrical measurement…


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Batteries

Batteries

If I wanted to build a battery-powered electric drill, would it be…


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AC Power

AC Power

If a sinusoidal voltage is applied to an impedance with a phase angle…


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Ohm’s Law Practice Worksheet With Answers

Ohm’s Law Practice Worksheet With Answers

Define the following terms: energy, work, and power.


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Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems

Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems

Suppose a 12 volt lead-acid battery has an internal resistance of 20…


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Introduction to Diodes And Rectifiers

Introduction to Diodes And Rectifiers

All About Diodes A diode is an electrical device allowing current to…


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Capacitors

Capacitors

Identify some of the different types of capacitors, and their…


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Input and Output Coupling

Input and Output Coupling

To overcome the challenge of creating necessary DC bias voltage for an…


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Time Constant Calculations

Time Constant Calculations

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…


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Bipolar Junction Transistors

Bipolar Junction Transistors

The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was named because its operation…


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Analog Lab - PWM Power Controller

Analog Lab - PWM Power Controller

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a pulse-width modulator power controller for a light and learn the basics of PWM signals.


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Some Examples with AC Circuits

Some Examples with AC Circuits

Let’s connect three AC voltage sources in series and use complex…


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Digital Lab - Introduction

Digital Lab - Introduction

In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test digital circuits and learn the fundamentals of digital logic circuits, including gates, counters, logic levels, hysteresis, memory, and more.


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RF Power Conversion Calculator

RF Power Conversion Calculator

A tool designed to convert RF power from watts to decibels and vice versa


Tools

Series-Parallel Combination AC Circuits

Series-Parallel Combination AC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Special-purpose Batteries

Special-purpose Batteries

Mercury Standard Cell Back in the early days of electrical measurement…


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Voltage and Current Calculations

Voltage and Current Calculations

There’s a sure way to calculate any of the values in a reactive…


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Autotransformers

Autotransformers

How much voltage is there between the following pairs of points in…


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Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Design Project: Audio Media-Based Signal Generator

Identify some different ways you can create the sine-wave audio tracks…


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Physical Effects of Electricity

Physical Effects of Electricity

Certain substances are known to physically deform (shorten or…


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Performance-Based Assessments for AC Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for AC Circuit Competencies

(Template)


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Special Transformers and Applications

Special Transformers and Applications

Impedance Matching Because transformers can step voltage and current…


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Power Quality Measurement

Power Quality Measurement

It used to be with large AC power systems that “power…


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Temperature Converter

Temperature Converter

Convert between Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin


Tools

What is Alternating Current (AC)?

What is Alternating Current (AC)?

Most students of electricity begin their study with what is known as…


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Capacitance

Capacitance

Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…


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Voltage Divider Calculator

Voltage Divider Calculator

The voltage divider is a circuit used to create a voltage less than or equal to the input voltage.


Tools

Overcurrent Protection

Overcurrent Protection

What hazards might be posed by a circuit with excessive current going…


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Capacitors and Calculus

Capacitors and Calculus

Capacitors do not have a stable “resistance” as conductors…


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Diode Switching Circuits

Diode Switching Circuits

Diodes can perform switching and digital logic operations. Forward and…


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Band-pass Filters

Band-pass Filters

How to Create Band-pass Filter There are applications where a…


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Capacitor Transient Response

Capacitor Transient Response

Because capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, they…


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Digital Lab - Introduction

Digital Lab - Introduction

In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test digital circuits and learn the fundamentals of digital logic circuits, including gates, counters, logic levels, hysteresis, memory, and more.


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Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems

Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems

Suppose a 12 volt lead-acid battery has an internal resistance of 20…


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AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an automotive alternator to generate three-phase AC voltage and learn how alternators can function as both generators and motors.


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Multiplexers

Multiplexers

A multiplexer, abbreviated mux, is a device that has multiple inputs…


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Rectifier Circuits

Rectifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator

Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator

This calculator will determine the correct antenna downtilt angle given the heights of the antennas and distance between them.


Tools

pH Measurement

pH Measurement

A very important measurement in many liquid chemical processes…


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Combination Tubes

Combination Tubes

Similar in thought to the idea of the integrated circuit, tube…


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AC Lab - Induction Motor

AC Lab - Induction Motor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.


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The Common-base Amplifier

The Common-base Amplifier

The final transistor amplifier configuration (Figure below) we need to…


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Resonance

Resonance

The Q factor of a series inductive circuit is given by the following…


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DC Motor Control Circuits

DC Motor Control Circuits

How is it possible to electrically measure the torque output by a…


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Si Lab - Differential Amplifier

Si Lab - Differential Amplifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a BJT differential amplifier and learn about a fundamental building block that is the basis of most operational amplifiers.


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Mutual Inductance

Mutual Inductance

When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, what…


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Basic Ohmmeter Use

Basic Ohmmeter Use

Explain how an ohmmeter is able to measure the resistance of a…


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Free Space Path Loss Calculator

Free Space Path Loss Calculator

This calculator calculates the free space loss, given the distance, frequency, and gain, between two antennas.


Tools

Resistor Color Codes

Resistor Color Codes

Try out our Resistor Color Code Calculator in our Tools section.…


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Vol V. Credits

Vol V. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


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