All About Circuits

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Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

Parallel DC Circuits Practice Worksheet With Answers

In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of voltage…


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What Are Zener Diodes?

What Are Zener Diodes?

What Is a Zener Diode? A Zener diode is a special type of rectifying…


Textbook

Time Constant Calculations

Time Constant Calculations

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

The Parallel Wires of Infinite Length Suppose, though, that we had a…


Textbook

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator with hysteresis from a Schmitt trigger and learn how to use it to create an RC oscillator and a method to configure a 555 timer as an astable multivibrator.


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Thyristors

Thyristors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

Note the “50 ohm” rating printed on the jacket of the cable. What…


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Capacitors

Capacitors

Identify some of the different types of capacitors, and their…


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Diode Switching Circuits

Diode Switching Circuits

Diodes can perform switching and digital logic operations. Forward and…


Textbook

Kirchhoff’s Laws

Kirchhoff’s Laws

Many electronic circuits use what is called a split or a dual power…


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Junction Field-effect Transistors

Junction Field-effect Transistors

The field effect transistor was proposed by Julius Lilienfeld in US…


Textbook

555 Lab - Monostable Multivibrator (One-shot)

555 Lab - Monostable Multivibrator (One-shot)

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a monostable multivibrator using a 555 timer IC and learn about RC time constant charging and how a one-shot timer operates.


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DC Generator Theory

DC Generator Theory

Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…


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Time Constant Circuits

Time Constant Circuits

Generally speaking, how many “time constants” worth of time does…


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Current Mirror BJTs

Current Mirror BJTs

Bipolar Junction Transistor or BJT Current Mirror An often-used…


Textbook

High Voltage Ohmmeters

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…


Textbook

Practical Considerations - Batteries

Practical Considerations - Batteries

When connecting batteries together to form larger “banks”…


Textbook

Power Conversion Circuits

Power Conversion Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will examine the heat generated by resistors and maybe even make one smoke! Also, learn to calculate power dissipation using Joule's law and resistor power ratings.


Textbook

Voltage and Current Calculations

Voltage and Current Calculations

There’s a sure way to calculate any of the values in a reactive…


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IGFET Amplifiers

IGFET Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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ElectroStatic Discharge

ElectroStatic Discharge

At the start of this book, we discussed static electricity and how it…


Textbook

What Are Zener Diodes?

What Are Zener Diodes?

What Is a Zener Diode? A Zener diode is a special type of rectifying…


Textbook

Wiring Color Codes Infographic

Wiring Color Codes Infographic

Wiring Color Codes Infographic. Released under the Creative Commons…


Textbook

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test an automated circuit that sequentially flashes 10 LED, and learn about counters, frequency dividers, and switch debouncing.


Textbook

Zener Diodes

Zener Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

What Is a R/2nR DAC Circuit? The R/2nR DAC circuit, otherwise known as…


Textbook

Boolean Algebra

Boolean Algebra

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Synchronous Condenser

Synchronous Condenser

Synchronous motors load the power line with a leading power factor.…


Textbook

Algebraic Equation Manipulation for Electric Circuits

Algebraic Equation Manipulation for Electric Circuits

The electrical resistance of a conductor at any temperature may be…


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Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Parallel-in/ serial-out shift registers do everything that the…


Textbook

Conductor Ampacity

Conductor Ampacity

The smaller the cross-sectional area of any given wire, the greater…


Textbook

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Voltmeter Impact on Measured Circuit

Every meter impacts the circuit it is measuring to some extent, just…


Textbook

Clipper and Clamper Circuits

Clipper and Clamper Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Basic Circuit Troubleshooting

Basic Circuit Troubleshooting

Determine if the light bulb will de-energize for each of the following…


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Protective Relays

Protective Relays

A special type of relay is one that monitors the current, voltage,…


Textbook

Digital-to-Analog Conversion

Digital-to-Analog Conversion

If a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal is sent to a passive…


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Special-purpose Batteries

Special-purpose Batteries

Mercury Standard Cell Back in the early days of electrical measurement…


Textbook

Performance-Based Assessments for Analog Integrated Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Analog Integrated Circuit Competencies


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AC Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

AC Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Performance-Based Assessments for Semiconductor Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Semiconductor Circuit Competencies


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Resonance

Resonance

The Q factor of a series inductive circuit is given by the following…


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CMOS Logic Gates

CMOS Logic Gates

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


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Circuit Simplification Examples

Circuit Simplification Examples

Let’s begin with a semiconductor gate circuit in need of…


Textbook

Potentiometers

Potentiometers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Digital Communication

Digital Communication

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Digital Lab - S-R Latch Using NOR Gates

Digital Lab - S-R Latch Using NOR Gates

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an S-R latch using two NOR gates and learn how this type of digital memory operates, including invalid states, race conditions, and the effects of output loading.


Textbook

Active Loads in Amplifier Circuits

Active Loads in Amplifier Circuits

We know that the current in a series circuit may be calculated with…


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Coil Inductance Calculator

Coil Inductance Calculator

This calculator computes the inductance of a wire coil.


Tools

Non-Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

Non-Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

This calculator determines the bias and feedback of resistors for a non-inverting Op-Amp


Tools

ElectroStatic Discharge

ElectroStatic Discharge

At the start of this book, we discussed static electricity and how it…


Textbook

Measurement Circuits

Measurement Circuits

Figure below shows a photodiode amplifier for measuring low levels of…


Textbook

The Exclusive-OR Function: The XOR Gate

The Exclusive-OR Function: The XOR Gate

What Is an XOR Gate? One element conspicuously missing from the set of…


Textbook

Microstrip Impedance Calculator

Microstrip Impedance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a microstrip.


Tools

Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Safe Circuit Design

Safe Circuit Design

As we saw earlier, a power system with no secure connection to earth…


Textbook

Inductors

Inductors

An inductor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that…


Textbook

Op-Amp Voltage and Gain Calculator

Op-Amp Voltage and Gain Calculator

A calculator for computing the gain and output voltage of an operational amplifier


Tools

Numbers versus Numeration

Numbers versus Numeration

It is imperative to understand that the type of numeration system used…


Textbook

Design Project: Sensitive Microphone Amplifier

Design Project: Sensitive Microphone Amplifier

Identify which direction each potentiometer wiper must move in this…


Worksheets - Batteries