BJT Quirks

An ideal transistor would show 0% distortion in amplifying a signal.…

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Mixed-Frequency Signals

What is a harmonic frequency? If an oscillator circuit outputs a…

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Fundamentals of Radio Communication

What does the acronym RF stand form, in reference to radio-related…

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What Is the Skin Effect?

The Skin Depth of Copper in Electrical Engineering As previously…

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Passive Filter Circuits

In very simple, qualitative terms, rate the impedance of capacitors…

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Radio Circuits

(a) Crystal radio. (b) Modulated RF at antenna. (c) Rectified RF at…

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Other Diode Technologies

Varicap or varactor diodes A variable capacitance diode is known as a…

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Principles of Radio

One of the more fascinating applications of electricity is in the…

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Phase-Locked Loops

This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…

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Signal Modulation

A modern method of electrical power control involves inserting a…

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Design Project: Radio Transmitter

Research the FCC (Federal Communication Commission) guidelines on…

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Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem is not so much a means of analysis…

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Special Transformers and Applications

Impedance Matching Because transformers can step voltage and current…

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Characteristic Impedance

The Parallel Wires of Infinite Length Suppose, though, that we had a…

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Power Density Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the power density of an antenna

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Radar Maximum Range Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate the maximum distance (range) that a radar can detect

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Resonant Filters

So far, the filter designs we’ve concentrated on have employed…

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Friis Transmission Calculator

This calculator allows you to solve for any of the six variables in the Friis formula for RF transmission: transmitter power, transmitter gain, receiver power, receiver gain, frequency, or distance.

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Mutual Inductance

When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, what…

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Coax Impedance Calculator

A helpful tool for calculating the impedance of a coaxial cable.

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Power Added Efficiency Calculator

A calculator designed to compute the power-added efficiency (PAE) of an amplifier

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Other Waveshapes

As strange as it may seem, any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform is…

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Frequency and Phase Measurement

An important electrical quantity with no equivalent in DC circuits is…

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Harmonic Phase Sequences

In the last section, we saw how the 3rd harmonic and all of its…

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Electromagnetic Induction

While Oersted’s surprising discovery of electromagnetism paved…

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Principles of Radio

One of the more fascinating applications of electricity is in the…

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Susceptance and Admittance

What is Conductance? In the study of DC circuits, the student of…

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AC Waveforms

When an alternator produces AC voltage, the voltage switches polarity…

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Rectifier Circuits

What is Rectification? Now we come to the most popular application of…

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Special Transformers and Applications

Impedance Matching Because transformers can step voltage and current…

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What Is the Skin Effect?

The Skin Depth of Copper in Electrical Engineering As previously…

Textbook

Balanced Attenuator Calculator

This balanced attenuator calculator helps you determine the resistor (R1) values for a balanced attenuator.

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Optical Data Communication

A modern alternative to sending (binary) digital information via…

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Capacitance

Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…

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Numbers versus Numeration

It is imperative to understand that the type of numeration system used…

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Inductor Sizing Equation

The Inductance Formula     Wheeler’s formulas for…

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Contact “Bounce”

When a switch is actuated and contacts touch one another under the…

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Capacitor Sizing Equation

Capacitance Formula     Permittivity of Dielectric  …

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Time Constant Equations

Value of time constant in series RC and RL circuits   Time…

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PN Junctions

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

A handy all-in-one tool for reading resistor color code values for a 4 band resistor, 5 band resistor, or 6 band resistor.

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Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave rectifier for AC to DC conversion and learn about center-tapped transformers.

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Solving Simultaneous Equations: The Substitution Method and the Addition Method

What are Simultaneous Equations and Systems of Equations? The terms…

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Conductors and Insulators

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…

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Asynchronous Flip-Flop Inputs

The normal data inputs to a flip flop (D, S and R, or J and K) are…

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Safe Circuit Design

As we saw earlier, a power system with no secure connection to earth…

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Larger 4-variable Karnaugh Maps

Knowing how to generate Gray code should allow us to build larger…

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Karnaugh Mapping

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…

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Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…

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A 50-Ohm Cable?

Early in my explorations of electricity, I came across a length of…

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General Troubleshooting Tips

When first approaching a failed or otherwise misbehaving system, the…

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Control Circuits

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