All About Circuits

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RC Time Constant Calculator

RC Time Constant Calculator

The time constant of a series RC circuit is the product of the resistance and capacitance. Given two of the three values—resistance, capacitance, or RC time constant—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

555 Lab - Blue LED Flasher With Voltage Doubler

555 Lab - Blue LED Flasher With Voltage Doubler

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a blue LED flasher using a 555 timer and learn the basic theory of a voltage doubler using a transistor switch and a capacitor.


Textbook

CMOS Gate Circuitry

CMOS Gate Circuitry

Up until this point, our analysis of transistor logic circuits has…


Textbook

SPICE Simulation of Series and Parallel Circuits

SPICE Simulation of Series and Parallel Circuits

Previously, we examined series circuits and parallel circuits using…


Textbook

Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Calculator

Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Calculator

The instrumentation amplifier calculator will assist in the design and analysis of a conventional instrumentation amplifier circuit by calculating the required resistor values and gain.


Tools

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

555 Lab - LED Flasher with Inductive Flyback

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a multiple LED flasher and learn how to use inductive flyback to generate a voltage pulse that is greater than the supply voltage.


Textbook

Integrated Circuits

Integrated Circuits

  A Logic Gate is assigned as an elementary building block of…


Textbook

Solving Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Via Mesh Current Method

Solving Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Via Mesh Current Method

An unbalanced Wheatstone bridge cannot be solved using simple series…


Textbook

Analog Lab - Introduction

Analog Lab - Introduction

In this series of hands-on electronics experiments, build analog circuits, including amplifiers, comparators, oscillators, and more. Following the step-by-step instructions will help you understand and appreciate analog systems.


Textbook

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

Battery Life Calculator

Battery Life Calculator

This calculator provides three options—basic, intermediate, and advanced—for determining expected battery life for microcontroller, Internet of Things (IoT), and edge processing systems with up to four different operating modes.


Tools

CMOS Logic Gates

CMOS Logic Gates

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


Worksheets - IC Design

Flash ADC

Flash ADC

Also called the parallel A/D converter, this circuit is the simplest…


Textbook

555 Lab - Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a red LED flasher and learn a useful application of the versatile 555 timer IC.


Textbook

Solving Series and Parallel Circuits With the Table Method and Ohm’s Law

Solving Series and Parallel Circuits With the Table Method and Ohm’s Law

The table method provides a structured methodology for ensuring you…


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Finite State Machines

Finite State Machines

Up to now, every circuit that was presented was a combinatorial…


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Digital Lab - Introduction

Digital Lab - Introduction

In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test digital circuits and learn the fundamentals of digital logic circuits, including gates, counters, logic levels, hysteresis, memory, and more.


Textbook

Q Factor and Bandwidth of a Resonant Circuit

Q Factor and Bandwidth of a Resonant Circuit

The Q, or quality, factor of a resonant circuit is a measure of the…


Textbook

Electrical Energy Calculator

Electrical Energy Calculator

This calculator will determine the instantaneous energy, sustained energy, and power consumed by an electrical system given two of the three electrical parameters (voltage, current, or resistance) and the time.


Tools

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a red LED flasher with a transistor drive to control the current and learn how to use transistors to provide current gain and how to limit LED current.


Textbook

Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

Shown here is a simplified representation of an atom: the smallest…


Worksheets - IC Design

Semiconductor Devices in SPICE

Semiconductor Devices in SPICE

The SPICE (Simulation Program, Integrated Circuit Emphesis)…


Textbook

DC Lab - Precision Potentiometer

DC Lab - Precision Potentiometer

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a precision potentiometer from three lower precision potentiometer and learn about voltage range compression and parameter interactions.


Textbook

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator with hysteresis from a Schmitt trigger and learn how to use it to create an RC oscillator and a method to configure a 555 timer as an astable multivibrator.


Textbook

Synchronous Counters

Synchronous Counters

What is a Synchronous Counter? A synchronous counter, in contrast to…


Textbook

Some Examples with AC Circuits

Some Examples with AC Circuits

Let’s connect three AC voltage sources in series and use complex…


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Applying Ohm’s Law—Rules and Methods for Circuit Analysis

Applying Ohm’s Law—Rules and Methods for Circuit Analysis

When analyzing complex series and parallel circuits, it is easy to…


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JFET Biasing Techniques

JFET Biasing Techniques

Using an example, learn about the different bias techniques for junction field effect transistors (JFETs) like the constant voltage bias, self-bias configuration, and voltage divider biasing.


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Resistance

Resistance

The circuit in the previous section is not a very practical one. In…


Textbook

Wiring Color Codes

Wiring Color Codes

Wiring for AC and DC power distribution branch circuits are color…


Textbook

Electric Shock Data

Electric Shock Data

The table of electric currents and their various bodily effects was…


Textbook

N-Way Power Divider Calculator

N-Way Power Divider Calculator

This calculator determines the total path loss provided by an RF n-way power splitter.


Tools

Basic Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Basic Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

When lightning strikes, nearby magnetic compass needles may be seen to…


Worksheets - IC Design

Scientific Notation

Scientific Notation

In many disciplines of science and engineering, very large and very…


Textbook

Rules for Limits

Rules for Limits

    RELATED WORKSHEETS: Calculus for Electric Circuits…


Textbook

DC Motor Control Circuits

DC Motor Control Circuits

How is it possible to electrically measure the torque output by a…


Worksheets - IC Design

The DIAC

The DIAC

Like all diodes, Shockley diodes are unidirectional devices; that is,…


Textbook

Conductors and Insulators

Conductors and Insulators

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…


Worksheets - IC Design

Contributors (1)

Contributors (1)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


Textbook

Important Constants

Important Constants

Euler’s Number Euler’s constant is an important value for…


Textbook

Shift Registers

Shift Registers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - IC Design

EIRP Calculator

EIRP Calculator

A helpful tool for computing the Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of an antenna


Tools

Radio Circuits

Radio Circuits

(a) Crystal radio. (b) Modulated RF at antenna. (c) Rectified RF at…


Textbook

Mesh Current Method (Loop Current Method)

Mesh Current Method (Loop Current Method)

This page provides a step-by-step introduction to using the mesh…


Textbook

Pressure Unit Conversion Calculator

Pressure Unit Conversion Calculator

This calculator will convert pressure values to ten different standard units for pressure.


Tools

Design Project: Power Inverter

Design Project: Power Inverter

A common topology for DC-AC power converter circuits uses a pair of…


Worksheets - IC Design

Component Failure Analysis (Continued)

Component Failure Analysis (Continued)

“I consider that I understand an equation when I can predict the…


Textbook

Coefficients of Specific Resistance

Coefficients of Specific Resistance

Specific resistance at 20o C:  Material Element/Alloy ohm-cmil/ft…


Textbook

IC Fabrication and Packaging

IC Fabrication and Packaging

What does it mean if an integrated circuit comes in DIP form? What…


Worksheets - IC Design

Amplifier Circuits

Amplifier Circuits

Note, Q3 and Q4 in the figure below are complementary, NPN and PNP…


Textbook

Table (portrait view)

Table (portrait view)

  Periodic table of chemical elements.


Textbook

The Gated S-R Latch

The Gated S-R Latch

It is sometimes useful in logic circuits to have a multivibrator which…


Textbook

Review of R, X, and Z (Resistance, Reactance and Impedance)

Review of R, X, and Z (Resistance, Reactance and Impedance)

Before we begin to explore the effects of resistors, inductors, and…


Textbook

Basic Voltmeter Use

Basic Voltmeter Use

What will this voltmeter register when connected to a battery as shown…


Worksheets - IC Design

TTL NAND and AND gates

TTL NAND and AND gates

Suppose we altered our basic open-collector inverter circuit, adding a…


Textbook

Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

This calculator is designed to compute the parameters required to design a Pi-Match Impedance Circuit


Tools

Analog Lab - Non-inverting Amplifier

Analog Lab - Non-inverting Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a programmable non-inverting amplifier and learn how to use the negative feedback of an operational amplifier to control the gain.


Textbook

Rectifying Diodes

Rectifying Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - IC Design

Ionization (gas-filled) Tubes

Ionization (gas-filled) Tubes

So far, we’ve explored tubes which are totally…


Textbook

DC Lab - Series Batteries

DC Lab - Series Batteries

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will connect batteries in series and learn the relationship between the individual battery voltages and the total series voltage.


Textbook