In DC and low-frequency AC circuits, the characteristic impedance of…
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Whenever there is a mismatch of impedance between transmission line…
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Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…
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The Bel is Used to Represent Gain In its simplest form, an…
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In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use an LED as a light-sensitive photodetector and learn how to use a bipolar transistor in a common-emitter amplifier configuration.
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will construct a voltage detector with adjustable sensitivity and audio output, and you will learn a method for detecting small electrical signals without an oscilloscope.
Textbook
In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will sense AC magnetic fields using a simple wire coil and learn about AC signal coupling, orientation effects, and the impact of shielding using different materials.
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Worksheets - Microphones
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Worksheets - Microphones
This calculator will convert voltage or power gains into decibels. Enter one of the three values and the calculator will output the other two.
Tools
Decibel as Absolute Unit of Power It is also possible to use the…
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A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.
Tools
Devoting a whole chapter in a modern electronics text to the design…
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In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, use the frequency spectrum display from an oscilloscope program to observe waveforms from a musical keyboard and learn about spectral analysis.
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This calculator will determine the square root, cube root, or nth root of a given number, x.
Tools
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Worksheets - Microphones
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Worksheets - Microphones
The time constant of a series RC circuit is the product of the resistance and capacitance. Given two of the three values—resistance, capacitance, or RC time constant—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.
Tools
Suppose you were to take a 3 kW electric heater rated for 240 VAC and…
Worksheets - Microphones
In our study of AC circuits thus far, we’ve explored circuits…
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When using conventional current flow, we can trace the direction of…
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build resistive current dividers and observe how Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's current law function in real circuits using a voltmeter and an ammeter.
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will compare the resistance of a lamp filament in its on and off states and learn about nonlinear resistances by applying Ohm's law.
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As was stated earlier, most meter movements are sensitive devices.…
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As a first example of useful combinational logic, let’s build a…
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To learn about electronics, you must eventually engage in hands-on experimentation. Knowledge gleaned from books alone has limited use in scientific endeavors. Troubleshooting a circuit can be as important as the knowledge gained from a properly functioning experiment.
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In the last section, we learned what would happen in simple…
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“The nice thing about standards is that there are so many of…
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Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…
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In the design of large and complex digital systems, it is often…
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A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…
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As we’ve seen, negative feedback is an incredibly useful…
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When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, what…
Worksheets - Microphones
In instrumentation circuitry, DC signals are often used as analog…
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So far, we’ve explored tubes which are totally…
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A modern alternative to sending (binary) digital information via…
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Up to now, every circuit that was presented was a combinatorial…
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We can subtract one binary number from another by using the standard…
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Inductive Reactance Capacitive Reactance …
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This tool calculates a capacitor's reactance for a given capacitance value and signal frequency.
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