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Relay Construction

Textbook

Electricity and Magnetism An electric current through a conductor will…

AC Lab - Sensing AC Magnetic Fields

Textbook

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will sense AC magnetic fields using a simple wire coil and learn about AC signal coupling, orientation effects, and the impact of shielding using different materials.

Winding Configurations

Textbook

Transformers with Multiple Secondaries Transformers are very versatile…

Network Topology

Textbook

Point-to-Point Connecting two digital devices with a network, would…

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Worksheets - Industrial Automation

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…

AC Lab - Induction Motor

Textbook

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.

Electrical Isolation

Textbook

SPICE analysis of Electrical Isolation Aside from the ability to…

Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an audio amplifier using a vacuum tube (triode) and learn about voltage transformers, how to build a high-voltage DC power supply, and how to use a transformer for impedance matching.

DC Lab - Potentiometer as a Rheostat

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use a potentiometer as a variable resistor to control the speed of a motor and learn how to connect a potentiometer as a rheostat.

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Textbook

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…

Network Protocols

Textbook

Aside from the issues of the physical network (signal types and…

Synchronous Motors

Textbook

Single Phase Synchronous Motors Single-phase synchronous motors are…

DC Lab - Thermoelectricity

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a thermocouple to measure temperature changes and learn about the Seebeck effect.

Wheatstone Bridge Calculator

Tools

This calculator helps determine the resistance of a variable resistor within a Wheatstone bridge circuit or the differential voltage created across the bridge terminals.

The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

Textbook

Shockley Diodes and Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) Shockley…

Networks and Busses

Textbook

The wires between the tank and the monitoring location is  called…

ElectroStatic Discharge

Textbook

At the start of this book, we discussed static electricity and how it…

Kirchhoff’s Laws

Worksheets - Industrial Automation

Many electronic circuits use what is called a split or a dual power…

Lorentz Force Calculator

Tools

This calculator will determine the combined Lorentz force exerted on a charged particle moving through both an electric field and a magnetic field.

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Tools

Calculate the equivalent resistance of up to six resistors in parallel with ease while learning how to calculate resistance in parallel and the parallel resistance formula.

Time Constant Equations

Textbook

Value of time constant in series RC and RL circuits   Time…

Si Lab - Astable Multivibrator Audio Oscillator

Textbook

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build an astable multivibrator (oscillator) circuit that provides an output in the audio frequency range and learn the effect of component values and supply voltage on oscillation frequency.

The Pentode

Textbook

Another strategy for addressing the problem of secondary electrons…

Active-mode Operation (JFET)

Textbook

JFETs, like bipolar transistors, are able to “throttle”…

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

Textbook

You might have noticed on the table for specific resistances that all…

Contributors (7)

Textbook

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…

The Common-drain Amplifier (IGFET)

Textbook

Measurements of AC Magnitude

Textbook

So far we know that AC voltage alternates in polarity and AC current…

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

Worksheets - Industrial Automation

(Template)

Light-Pulse Switch

Worksheets - Industrial Automation

It is fairly important to use large value resistors (10 MΩ works…

Static Electricity

Textbook

It was discovered centuries ago that certain types of materials would…

Some Examples with AC Circuits

Textbook

Let’s connect three AC voltage sources in series and use complex…

Node Voltage Method

Textbook

The node voltage method of DC network analysis solves for unknown…

Binary Overflow

Textbook

One caveat with signed binary numbers is that of overflow, where the…

555 Lab - Introduction to the 555 Timer IC

Textbook

In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test mixed-signal analog and digital circuits using the versatile 555 timer IC. These projects will teach you about RC time constants, duty cycle, transistor current drive, LEDs, voltage doublers, and more.

Circuit Wiring

Textbook

So far, we’ve been analyzing single-battery, single-resistor…

Complex Voltage and Current Calculations

Textbook

There are circumstances when you may need to analyze a DC reactive…

Series LED Resistor Calculator

Tools

This series LED resistance calculator is perfect for when you have a single LED or a number of the same color of LEDs in series and need to know which resistor you should use.

Differentiator and Integrator Circuits

Textbook

By introducing electrical reactance into the feedback loops of an…

Practical considerations - Digital Communication

Textbook

A principal consideration for industrial control networks, where the…

Battery Life Calculator

Tools

This calculator provides three options—basic, intermediate, and advanced—for determining expected battery life for microcontroller, Internet of Things (IoT), and edge processing systems with up to four different operating modes.

555 Lab - Blue LED Flasher With Voltage Doubler

Textbook

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a blue LED flasher using a 555 timer and learn the basic theory of a voltage doubler using a transistor switch and a capacitor.

Parallel Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

Textbook

Using the same value components in our series example circuit, we will…

Polyphase Motor Design

Textbook

AC Motors Perhaps the most important benefit of polyphase AC power…

Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Textbook

Most AC motors are induction motors. Induction motors are favored due…

The Triode

Textbook

De Forest’s Audion tube came to be known as the triode tube…

Electromechanical Relay Logic

Worksheets - Industrial Automation

In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as…

Temperature Converter

Tools

Convert between Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin

SPICE Simulation of Series and Parallel Circuits

Textbook

Previously, we examined series circuits and parallel circuits using…

Biasing Techniques (IGFET)

Textbook

Strain Gauges

Textbook

If a strip of conductive metal is stretched, it will become skinnier…

Resistance

Textbook

The circuit in the previous section is not a very practical one. In…

Zener Diodes

Worksheets - Industrial Automation

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

Electrical Transients

Textbook

This chapter explores the response of capacitors and inductors to…

Stepper Motors

Textbook

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…

Reflection Attenuator Calculator

Tools

This tool is designed to calculate the value of resistance R1 in a reflection attenuator.

Capacitor Quirks

Textbook

As with inductors, the ideal capacitor is a purely reactive device,…

Rules for Limits

Textbook

    RELATED WORKSHEETS: Calculus for Electric Circuits…

Symmetric Stripline Impedance Calculator

Tools

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a symmetric stripline.

Boolean Algebra

Worksheets - Industrial Automation

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…