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Four-Channel Audio Mixer

Four-Channel Audio Mixer

A very common misconception students have about potentiometers is the…


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Specific Resistance

Specific Resistance

Designing Wire Resistance Conductor ampacity rating is a crude…


Textbook

Mutual Inductance and Basic Operation

Mutual Inductance and Basic Operation

Behaviors of Inductors wrapped around a Conductive Core Suppose we…


Textbook

Oscillator Circuits

Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Passives

Wire-by-Number project kit introduction

Wire-by-Number project kit introduction

Wire-by-Number project: simple voltage divider Description: Build a…


Worksheets - Passives

AC Lab - Sensing AC Magnetic Fields

AC Lab - Sensing AC Magnetic Fields

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will sense AC magnetic fields using a simple wire coil and learn about AC signal coupling, orientation effects, and the impact of shielding using different materials.


Textbook

Calculating Power Factor

Calculating Power Factor

As was mentioned before, the angle of this “power…


Textbook

Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law

For a given amount of water pressure, which will flow a greater rate…


Worksheets - Passives

Performance-Based Assessments for AC Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for AC Circuit Competencies

(Template)


Worksheets - Passives

How to Calculate Power in a Series and Parallel Circuit

How to Calculate Power in a Series and Parallel Circuit

When calculating the power dissipation of resistive components, we can…


Textbook

555 Lab - Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a red LED flasher and learn a useful application of the versatile 555 timer IC.


Textbook

Precise Diode Circuits

Precise Diode Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Passives

Zener Diodes

Zener Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Passives

Voltage and Current

Voltage and Current

As was previously mentioned, we need more than just a continuous path…


Textbook

Inductor Sizing Equation

Inductor Sizing Equation

The Inductance Formula     Wheeler’s formulas for…


Textbook

Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

In this introduction to series resistance circuits, we will explain…


Textbook

Rectangle Loop Inductance Calculator

Rectangle Loop Inductance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the inductance of a rectangle loop.


Tools

Analog Lab - Op Amp Integrator

Analog Lab - Op Amp Integrator

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog integrator using an operational amplifier and learn about integration functions, op amp input bias currents, and how to limit the voltage swing of a potentiometer.


Textbook

A 50-Ohm Cable?

A 50-Ohm Cable?

Early in my explorations of electricity, I came across a length of…


Textbook

Performance-Based Assessments for Analog Integrated Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Analog Integrated Circuit Competencies


Worksheets - Passives

DC Transducers

DC Transducers

Research and describe what the Hall effect is, and list some practical…


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Basic Oscilloscope Operation

Basic Oscilloscope Operation

An oscilloscope is a very useful piece of electronic test equipment.…


Worksheets - Passives

Capacitor Impedance Calculator

Capacitor Impedance Calculator

This tool calculates a capacitor's reactance for a given capacitance value and signal frequency.


Tools

Bit Grouping

Bit Grouping

The singular reason for learning and using the binary numeration…


Textbook

Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Passives

Basic Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Basic Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

When lightning strikes, nearby magnetic compass needles may be seen to…


Worksheets - Passives

Wire Loop Inductance Calculator

Wire Loop Inductance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the inductance of a wire loop.


Tools

Ammeter Design

Ammeter Design

What would happen to this meter movement, if connected directly to a…


Worksheets - Passives

AC Metrology

AC Metrology

In power distribution systems, it is very important to be able to…


Worksheets - Passives

Si Lab - Intro to Discrete Semiconductor Circuits

Si Lab - Intro to Discrete Semiconductor Circuits

In these hands-on semiconductor electronics experiments, learn to build and test circuits using discrete silicon (Si) devices, including diodes and transistors. Also, learn important circuit designs, including rectifiers, current mirrors, amplifiers, and oscillators.


Textbook

Using Multiple Combinational Circuits

Using Multiple Combinational Circuits

As an example of using several circuits together, we are going to make…


Textbook

The Pentode

The Pentode

Another strategy for addressing the problem of secondary electrons…


Textbook

“Ladder” Diagrams

“Ladder” Diagrams

Ladder diagrams are specialized schematics commonly used to document…


Textbook

PN Junctions

PN Junctions

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Passives

Electron Versus Conventional Flow

Electron Versus Conventional Flow

In this electrical circuit, trace the direction of current through the…


Worksheets - Passives

Inductor Commutating Circuits

Inductor Commutating Circuits

A popular use of diodes is for the mitigation of inductive…


Textbook

Principles of Radio

Principles of Radio

One of the more fascinating applications of electricity is in the…


Textbook

Phase-Locked Loops

Phase-Locked Loops

This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…


Worksheets - Passives

Enhancement-type IGFETs

Enhancement-type IGFETs


Textbook

Active-mode Operation (JFET)

Active-mode Operation (JFET)

JFETs, like bipolar transistors, are able to “throttle”…


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Inductors

Inductors

An inductor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that…


Textbook

Synchronous Counters

Synchronous Counters

What is a Synchronous Counter? A synchronous counter, in contrast to…


Textbook

Battery Ratings

Battery Ratings

Because batteries create current flow in a circuit by exchanging…


Textbook

Boolean Arithmetic

Boolean Arithmetic

Let us begin our exploration of Boolean algebra by adding numbers…


Textbook

High Voltage Ohmmeters

High Voltage Ohmmeters

Most ohmmeters of the design shown in the previous section utilize a…


Textbook

Vol IV. Credits

Vol IV. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


Textbook

Ohm’s Law Calculator

Ohm’s Law Calculator

Calculate circuit parameters using Ohm's Law


Tools

Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

At first it may seem pointless to have the four buffer gates following…


Worksheets - Passives

Introduction to Operational Amplifiers (Op-amps)

Introduction to Operational Amplifiers (Op-amps)

What is an Operational Amplifier (Op-amp)? Operational Amplifiers,…


Textbook

Convert MCD to Lumens

Convert MCD to Lumens

This calculator is useful for calculating the luminous flux for LEDs where the angle is known.


Tools

Amplifier Circuits

Amplifier Circuits

Note, Q3 and Q4 in the figure below are complementary, NPN and PNP…


Textbook

Special Diodes

Special Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Passives

Differential Transistor Amplifiers

Differential Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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The “Operational” Amplifier

The “Operational” Amplifier

Long before the advent of digital electronic technology, computers…


Textbook

DC Branch Current Analysis

DC Branch Current Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Passives

Magnetic Units of Measurement

Magnetic Units of Measurement

If the burden of two systems of measurement for common quantities…


Textbook

Link Budget Calculator

Link Budget Calculator

A Link Budget puts into account all gains and losses a signal goes through in a system as it is transmitted. The calculator calculates the power of the received signal given amplifier and antenna gains, and medium loss.


Tools

Safety Grounding

Safety Grounding

In simple AC power systems, one of the two conductors is typically…


Worksheets - Passives

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Passives

Electrical Energy Calculator

Electrical Energy Calculator

This calculator will determine the instantaneous energy, sustained energy, and power consumed by an electrical system given two of the three electrical parameters (voltage, current, or resistance) and the time.


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