All About Circuits

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Troubleshooting Series and Parallel Circuits

Troubleshooting Series and Parallel Circuits

The jobs of electronics engineers and technicians frequently entail…


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Specific Resistance of Conductors

Specific Resistance of Conductors

Given two lengths of metal wire, which one will have the least…


Worksheets - Passives

Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems

Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems

Suppose a 12 volt lead-acid battery has an internal resistance of 20…


Worksheets - Passives

AC Lab - Signal and Noise Coupling

AC Lab - Signal and Noise Coupling

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, power a DC motor through a multi-conductor cable to learn how AC signals are coupled between conductors and how to mitigate noise coupling.


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Nonlinear Conduction

Nonlinear Conduction

“Advances are made by answering questions. Discoveries are made…


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DC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector With Audio Output

DC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector With Audio Output

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will construct a voltage detector with adjustable sensitivity and audio output, and you will learn a method for detecting small electrical signals without an oscilloscope.


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555 Lab - Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a red LED flasher and learn a useful application of the versatile 555 timer IC.


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Inductive Reactance

Inductive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Active Versus Passive Devices

Active Versus Passive Devices

Passive Devices Components incapable of controlling current by means…


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Calculating Power Factor

Calculating Power Factor

As was mentioned before, the angle of this “power…


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Capacitor Transient Response

Capacitor Transient Response

Because capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, they…


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Power Conversion Circuits

Power Conversion Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Passives

Factors Affecting Capacitance

Factors Affecting Capacitance

There are three basic factors of capacitor construction determining…


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Superconductivity

Superconductivity

Conductors lose all of their electrical resistance when cooled to…


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Series-Parallel Combination AC Circuits

Series-Parallel Combination AC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Passives

Resonant Filters

Resonant Filters

So far, the filter designs we’ve concentrated on have employed…


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Bridge Circuits

Bridge Circuits

No text on electrical metering could be called complete without a…


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555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Schmitt trigger using a 555 timer and learn about hysteresis and the inner workings of the extremely versatile 555 timer IC.


Textbook

Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

A handy all-in-one tool for reading resistor color code values for a 4 band resistor, 5 band resistor, or 6 band resistor.


Tools

Capacitor Types

Capacitor Types

A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that…


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Capacitance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

Capacitance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

A calculator for solving the capacitance, reactance, and admittance of a capacitor.


Tools

Synchronous Counters

Synchronous Counters

What is a Synchronous Counter? A synchronous counter, in contrast to…


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Stripline Crosstalk Calculator

Stripline Crosstalk Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate cross-talk coefficient and coupled voltage for a stripline


Tools

Inductors

Inductors

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! A 5 H inductor is subjected to an electric…


Worksheets - Passives

Coil Inductance Calculator

Coil Inductance Calculator

This calculator computes the inductance of a wire coil.


Tools

Wattmeter Design

Wattmeter Design

Power in an electric circuit is the product (multiplication) of…


Textbook

Properties of Exponents

Properties of Exponents

Product of Powers Property am an = am+n   Power of a Product…


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Op-amp Circuits

Op-amp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Passives

Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

Si Lab - BJT Common-collector Voltage Follower

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a voltage follower amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in common-collector configuration and learn about circuit ground and impedance transformations.


Textbook

Motor Control Circuits

Motor Control Circuits

The interlock contacts installed in the previous section’s motor…


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DC Lab - Capacitor Charging and Discharging

DC Lab - Capacitor Charging and Discharging

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build capacitor charging and discharging circuits and learn how to calculate the RC time constant of resistor-capacitor circuits.


Textbook

Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance

Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance

What will happen to the brightness of the light bulb as the iron core…


Worksheets - Passives

Three-phase Transformer Circuits

Three-phase Transformer Circuits

Since three-phase is used so often for power distribution systems, it…


Textbook

Boolean Rules for Simplification

Boolean Rules for Simplification

Boolean algebra finds its most practical use in the simplification of…


Textbook

Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

Intro Lab - Resistor Power Dissipation

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will examine the heat generated by resistors and maybe even make one smoke! Also, learn to calculate power dissipation using Joule's law and resistor power ratings.


Textbook

Series-Parallel Combination AC Circuits

Series-Parallel Combination AC Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Passives

Three-phase Y and Delta Configurations

Three-phase Y and Delta Configurations

Three-phase Wye(Y) Connection Initially, we explored the idea of…


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The Common-gate Amplifier (IGFET)

The Common-gate Amplifier (IGFET)


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Basic identities

Basic identities

Additive Identity a + 0 = a Multiplicative Identity 1a = a…


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Microstrip Max Current Calculator

Microstrip Max Current Calculator

A calculator for solving the maximum current a microstrip can handle.


Tools

Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Electronic power conversion circuits known…


Worksheets - Passives

Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Calculator

Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Calculator

The instrumentation amplifier calculator will assist in the design and analysis of a conventional instrumentation amplifier circuit by calculating the required resistor values and gain.


Tools

AC Motor Theory

AC Motor Theory

Electromechanical watt-hour meters use an aluminum disk that is spun…


Worksheets - Passives

Data Flow

Data Flow

Buses and networks are designed to allow communication to occur…


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Superposition Theorem

Superposition Theorem

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Impedance

Impedance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Passives

Complex Vector Addition

Complex Vector Addition

If vectors with uncommon angles are added, their magnitudes (lengths)…


Textbook

What is Norton’s Theorem and the Norton Equivalent Circuit?

What is Norton’s Theorem and the Norton Equivalent Circuit?

This article explains the step-by-step process for determining the…


Textbook

Wire Stripline Impedance Calculator

Wire Stripline Impedance Calculator

A calculator for computing the impedance of a wire stripline.


Tools

DC Lab - Potentiometric Voltmeter

DC Lab - Potentiometric Voltmeter

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a null-balancing potentiometric voltmeter and learn how to prevent a voltmeter from changing the voltage it is measuring.


Textbook

Junction field-effect transistors (JFET)

Junction field-effect transistors (JFET)

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Passives

Introduction to AC Motors

Introduction to AC Motors

After the introduction of the DC electrical distribution system by…


Textbook

Review of R, X, and Z (Resistance, Reactance and Impedance)

Review of R, X, and Z (Resistance, Reactance and Impedance)

Before we begin to explore the effects of resistors, inductors, and…


Textbook

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Calculate the voltage output by the secondary winding of a transformer…


Worksheets - Passives

Electron Activity in Chemical Reactions

Electron Activity in Chemical Reactions

So far in our discussions on electricity and electric circuits, we…


Textbook

Digital Logic Signals

Digital Logic Signals

A rheostat (variable resistor) and a switch are both examples of…


Worksheets - Passives

Amplifiers

Amplifiers

Practical Benefit of Active Devices The practical benefit of active…


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Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…


Worksheets - Passives

Skin Depth Calculator

Skin Depth Calculator

A tool designed to calculate skin depth based on the conductive material being used and the frequency of the signal.


Tools

Network Protocols

Network Protocols

Aside from the issues of the physical network (signal types and…


Textbook