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Superposition Theorem

Superposition Theorem

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Conductors, Insulators, and Electron Flow

Conductors, Insulators, and Electron Flow

The electrons of different types of atoms have different degrees of…


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AC Resistor Circuits (Capacitive)

AC Resistor Circuits (Capacitive)

Pure resistive AC circuit: voltage and current are in phase.  …


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OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Potentiometers

Potentiometers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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DC Lab - Voltage Divider

DC Lab - Voltage Divider

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a resistive voltage divider and observe how Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) function in real circuits using a voltmeter and an ammeter.


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Thyristors

Thyristors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Passive Filter Circuits

Passive Filter Circuits

In very simple, qualitative terms, rate the impedance of capacitors…


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LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

Capacitive Reactance

Capacitive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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An Analogy for Ohm’s Law

An Analogy for Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law also makes intuitive sense if you apply it to the…


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Circuit Components

Circuit Components

Remember that this tutorial is not exhaustive by any means, and that…


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Capacitor Charge and Time Constant Calculator

Capacitor Charge and Time Constant Calculator

This calculator computes for the capacitor charge time and energy, given the supply voltage and the added series resistance.


Tools

555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Schmitt trigger using a 555 timer and learn about hysteresis and the inner workings of the extremely versatile 555 timer IC.


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Resonance in Series-Parallel Circuits

Resonance in Series-Parallel Circuits

In simple reactive circuits with little or no resistance, the effects…


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DC Lab - Capacitor Charging and Discharging

DC Lab - Capacitor Charging and Discharging

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build capacitor charging and discharging circuits and learn how to calculate the RC time constant of resistor-capacitor circuits.


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Input and Output Coupling

Input and Output Coupling

To overcome the challenge of creating necessary DC bias voltage for an…


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Series R, L, and C

Series R, L, and C

Let’s take the following example circuit and analyze it:  …


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Capacitors and Calculus

Capacitors and Calculus

Capacitors do not have a stable “resistance” as conductors…


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Magnetic Fields and Inductance

Magnetic Fields and Inductance

Whenever electrons flow through a conductor, a magnetic field will…


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Semiconductor Devices in SPICE

Semiconductor Devices in SPICE

The SPICE (Simulation Program, Integrated Circuit Emphesis)…


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Likely Failures in Proven Systems

Likely Failures in Proven Systems

The following problems are arranged in order from most likely to least…


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Design Project: Logic Probe

Design Project: Logic Probe

What factors determine where potentiometers Rpot1 and Rpot2 must be…


Worksheets - Passives

Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Who Developed the Karnaugh Map? Maurice Karnaugh, a…


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LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

The Thyristor

The Thyristor

A thyristor is a device that has a number of unusual characteristics.…


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Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

Note the “50 ohm” rating printed on the jacket of the cable. What…


Worksheets - Passives

Half-Adder

Half-Adder

As a first example of useful combinational logic, let’s build a…


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AC Waveforms

AC Waveforms

When an alternator produces AC voltage, the voltage switches polarity…


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Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Solve this equation for the value of x: x + 5 = 8 How many exact…


Worksheets - Passives

Questions to Ask Before Proceeding

Questions to Ask Before Proceeding

Has the system ever worked before? If yes, has anything happened to…


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Introduction to Junction Field-effect Transistors (JFET)

Introduction to Junction Field-effect Transistors (JFET)

A transistor is a semiconductor device that controls current with the…


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Binary Overflow

Binary Overflow

One caveat with signed binary numbers is that of overflow, where the…


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TTL Logic Gates

TTL Logic Gates

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


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Power Supply Circuits

Power Supply Circuits

There are three major kinds of power supplies: unregulated (also…


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Electrical Signal Types

Electrical Signal Types

With BogusBus, our signals were very simple and straightforward: each…


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Minterm vs Maxterm Solution

Minterm vs Maxterm Solution

So far we have been finding Sum-Of-Product (SOP) solutions to logic…


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AC Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

AC Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism

The discovery of the relationship between magnetism and electricity…


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Series and Parallel Capacitors

Series and Parallel Capacitors

When capacitors are connected in series, the total capacitance is…


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Ohmmeter Design

Ohmmeter Design

Though mechanical ohmmeter (resistance meter) designs are rarely used…


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Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Electronic power conversion circuits known…


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Scientific Notation in SPICE

Scientific Notation in SPICE

The SPICE circuit simulation computer program uses scientific notation…


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Analog Lab - Op Amp Integrator

Analog Lab - Op Amp Integrator

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog integrator using an operational amplifier and learn about integration functions, op amp input bias currents, and how to limit the voltage swing of a potentiometer.


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Multiplexers

Multiplexers

A multiplexer, abbreviated mux, is a device that has multiple inputs…


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Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


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High-pass Filters

High-pass Filters

A high-pass filter’s task is just the opposite of a low-pass…


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DC Lab - Capacitor Charging and Discharging

DC Lab - Capacitor Charging and Discharging

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build capacitor charging and discharging circuits and learn how to calculate the RC time constant of resistor-capacitor circuits.


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Digital Lab - 3-bit Binary Counter

Digital Lab - 3-bit Binary Counter

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a 3-bit down counter using J-K flip-flops and learn about asynchronous counter functionality.


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Analog Lab - PWM Power Controller

Analog Lab - PWM Power Controller

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a pulse-width modulator power controller for a light and learn the basics of PWM signals.


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Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)

Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)

The Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (IGFET), also known as…


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Practical Considerations - Transformers

Practical Considerations - Transformers

Power Capacity As has already been observed, transformers must be well…


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Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…


Worksheets - Passives

Radicals

Radicals

Definition of a Radical Given the expression where “x” is…


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The Common-emitter Amplifier

The Common-emitter Amplifier

At the beginning of this chapter, it illustrates how transistors could…


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Single-ended and Differential Amplifiers

Single-ended and Differential Amplifiers

For ease of drawing complex circuit diagrams, electronic amplifiers…


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Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave bridge rectifier using silicon diodes and learn some of this circuit's advantages and disadvantages.


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Thyristors

Thyristors

Thyristors are a broad classification of bipolar-conducting…


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Resonance

Resonance

The Q factor of a series inductive circuit is given by the following…


Worksheets - Passives

Contributors (13)

Contributors (13)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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