All About Circuits

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Networks and Busses

Networks and Busses

The wires between the tank and the monitoring location is  called…


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Safety Grounding

Safety Grounding

In simple AC power systems, one of the two conductors is typically…


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Switch Contact Design

Switch Contact Design

A switch can be constructed with any mechanism bringing two conductors…


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Derivative of a Constant

Derivative of a Constant

    (“c” being a constant)   RELATED…


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Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

Intro Lab - Circuit With a Switch

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will control a light with a switch and learn the basics of connecting toggle (on/off) switches into circuits.


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Circuit Wiring

Circuit Wiring

So far, we’ve been analyzing single-battery, single-resistor…


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Copper Wire Gauge Table

Copper Wire Gauge Table

Solid Copper Wire Table Size Diameter (inches) Cross-sectional area…


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Analog and Digital Signals

Analog and Digital Signals

Instrumentation is a field of study and work centering on measurement…


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The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)

The Antiderivative (Indefinite Integral)

  Notice something important here: taking the derivative of f(x)…


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Right Triangle Trigonometry

Right Triangle Trigonometry

  A right triangle is defined as having one angle precisely…


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Contactors

Contactors

All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of…


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Electrical Isolation

Electrical Isolation

SPICE analysis of Electrical Isolation Aside from the ability to…


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“Ladder” Diagrams

“Ladder” Diagrams

Ladder diagrams are specialized schematics commonly used to document…


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Wiring Color Codes

Wiring Color Codes

Wiring for AC and DC power distribution branch circuits are color…


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Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

Basic Troubleshooting Strategies

A chandelier has five light bulbs in it, and one of them is not…


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Contact “Bounce”

Contact “Bounce”

When a switch is actuated and contacts touch one another under the…


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Conductor Size

Conductor Size

It should be common-sense knowledge that liquids flow through…


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Speed Distance Time Calculator

Speed Distance Time Calculator

This calculator will solve for either distance, time, or speed given two of the three parameters.


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Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

The Parallel Wires of Infinite Length Suppose, though, that we had a…


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A 50-Ohm Cable?

A 50-Ohm Cable?

Early in my explorations of electricity, I came across a length of…


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AC Motor Control Circuits

AC Motor Control Circuits

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…


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Differential Equations

Differential Equations

As opposed to normal equations where the solution is a number, a…


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Tubes versus Semiconductors

Tubes versus Semiconductors

Devoting a whole chapter in a modern electronics text to the design…


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Solid-state Relays

Solid-state Relays

Limitations of Electromechanical Relays As versatile as…


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Binary Overflow

Binary Overflow

One caveat with signed binary numbers is that of overflow, where the…


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Contributors (10)

Contributors (10)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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DC Lab - 4-wire Resistance Measurement

DC Lab - 4-wire Resistance Measurement

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will perform a 4-wire Kelvin resistance measurement and learn how to accurately measure resistance.


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AC Lab - Noise Cancellation

AC Lab - Noise Cancellation

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an AC voltage source connected to speakers to learn about sound waves and the foundational principle used in noise cancelling headphones.


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Ohm’s Law (again!)

Ohm’s Law (again!)

A common phrase heard in reference to electrical safety goes something…


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Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

Si Lab - Full-wave Center-tap Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a full-wave rectifier for AC to DC conversion and learn about center-tapped transformers.


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Questions to Ask Before Proceeding

Questions to Ask Before Proceeding

Has the system ever worked before? If yes, has anything happened to…


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Contributors (4)

Contributors (4)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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Rectifier Circuits

Rectifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Impedance Matching With Transformers

Impedance Matching With Transformers

Suppose you were to take a 3 kW electric heater rated for 240 VAC and…


Worksheets - Harsh Environment

Rectangle Loop Inductance Calculator

Rectangle Loop Inductance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the inductance of a rectangle loop.


Tools

Intro Lab - Electromagnetic Induction

Intro Lab - Electromagnetic Induction

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will learn about electromagnetic induction using an electromagnet and a permanent magnet.


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Contributors (16)

Contributors (16)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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Computational Circuits

Computational Circuits

When someone mentions the word “computer,” a digital…


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Special-purpose Batteries

Special-purpose Batteries

Mercury Standard Cell Back in the early days of electrical measurement…


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RC Time Constant Calculator

RC Time Constant Calculator

The time constant of a series RC circuit is the product of the resistance and capacitance. Given two of the three values—resistance, capacitance, or RC time constant—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


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