All About Circuits

Latest Discrete Logic Education

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Latch Circuits

Latch Circuits

What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Digital Logic With Feedback

Digital Logic With Feedback

With simple gate and combinational logic circuits, there is a definite…


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Converting Truth Tables into Boolean Expressions

Converting Truth Tables into Boolean Expressions

In designing digital circuits, the designer often begins with a truth…


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CMOS Gate Circuitry

CMOS Gate Circuitry

Up until this point, our analysis of transistor logic circuits has…


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Microcontroller Principles

Microcontroller Principles

Read the following quotation, and then research the term…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Basic Logic Gates

Basic Logic Gates

Identify the type of logic gate shown in this schematic diagram, and…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Boolean Rules for Simplification

Boolean Rules for Simplification

Boolean algebra finds its most practical use in the simplification of…


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The J-K Flip-Flop

The J-K Flip-Flop

Another variation on a theme of bistable multivibrators is the J-K…


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Conventional Transistor Overview and Special Transistors

Conventional Transistor Overview and Special Transistors

A microcontroller is a specialized type of digital computer used to…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Circuit Simplification Examples

Circuit Simplification Examples

Let’s begin with a semiconductor gate circuit in need of…


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Servo Motor Systems

Servo Motor Systems

Explain the operation of this “H-bridge” motor control circuit: At…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Minterm vs Maxterm Solution

Minterm vs Maxterm Solution

So far we have been finding Sum-Of-Product (SOP) solutions to logic…


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Safe Meter Usage

Safe Meter Usage

Using an electrical meter safely and efficiently is perhaps the most…


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Integrated Circuits

Integrated Circuits

  A Logic Gate is assigned as an elementary building block of…


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Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

Digital Lab - Digital Combination Lock

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a digital combination lock with LED output indicators and learn about XOR gate functionality and how to implement NOR logic functionality using diodes.


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The S-R Latch

The S-R Latch

A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…


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CMOS Logic Gates

CMOS Logic Gates

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Fail-safe Design

Fail-safe Design

Logic circuits, whether comprised of electromechanical relays or…


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Half-Adder

Half-Adder

As a first example of useful combinational logic, let’s build a…


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Conventional Transistor Overview and Special Transistors

Conventional Transistor Overview and Special Transistors

A microcontroller is a specialized type of digital computer used to…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Op-amp Circuits

Op-amp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh Maps

Larger Karnaugh maps reduce larger logic designs. How large is large…


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Digital Logic With Feedback

Digital Logic With Feedback

With simple gate and combinational logic circuits, there is a definite…


Textbook

The S-R Latch

The S-R Latch

A bistable multivibrator has two stable states, as indicated by the…


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Binary Overflow

Binary Overflow

One caveat with signed binary numbers is that of overflow, where the…


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Multiplexers

Multiplexers

A multiplexer, abbreviated mux, is a device that has multiple inputs…


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Sum and Product Notation

Sum and Product Notation

For reference, this section introduces the terminology used in some…


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Asynchronous Counters

Asynchronous Counters

In the previous section, we saw a circuit using one J-K flip-flop that…


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Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out  (SIPO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out (SIPO) Conversion

A serial-in, parallel-out shift register is similar to the serial-in,…


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555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a red LED flasher with a transistor drive to control the current and learn how to use transistors to provide current gain and how to limit LED current.


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Design Project: Power Inverter

Design Project: Power Inverter

A common topology for DC-AC power converter circuits uses a pair of…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums Expressions

Identify each of these logic gates by name, and complete their…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Slope (integrating) ADC

Slope (integrating) ADC

So far, we’ve only been able to escape the sheer volume of…


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Using Multiple Combinational Circuits

Using Multiple Combinational Circuits

As an example of using several circuits together, we are going to make…


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Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Discrete Logic

Encoder

Encoder

What is an Encoder? An encoder is a circuit that changes a set of…


Textbook

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test an automated circuit that sequentially flashes 10 LED, and learn about counters, frequency dividers, and switch debouncing.


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Boolean Algebraic Identities

Boolean Algebraic Identities

In mathematics, an identity is a statement true for all possible…


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Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

This calculator determines the bias and feedback of resistors for an inverting op-amp.


Tools

Wires and Connections

Wires and Connections

Older electrical schematics showed connecting wires crossing, while…


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Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Decimal versus Binary Numeration

Let’s count from zero to twenty using four different kinds of…


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Introduction to Complex Numbers

Introduction to Complex Numbers

If I needed to describe the distance between two cities, I could…


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Static Electricity

Static Electricity

It was discovered centuries ago that certain types of materials would…


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Contributors (12)

Contributors (12)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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Circuit Wiring

Circuit Wiring

So far, we’ve been analyzing single-battery, single-resistor…


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What is the Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits?

What is the Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits?

Circuits consisting of just one battery and one load resistance are…


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What is a Series-Parallel Circuit?

What is a Series-Parallel Circuit?

With simple series circuits, all components are connected end-to-end…


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Magnetic Fields and Inductance

Magnetic Fields and Inductance

Whenever electrons flow through a conductor, a magnetic field will…


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Thyristors

Thyristors

Thyristors are a broad classification of bipolar-conducting…


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Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Who Developed the Karnaugh Map? Maurice Karnaugh, a…


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Intro Lab - Nonlinear Resistance

Intro Lab - Nonlinear Resistance

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will compare the resistance of a lamp filament in its on and off states and learn about nonlinear resistances by applying Ohm's law.


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pH Measurement

pH Measurement

A very important measurement in many liquid chemical processes…


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Introduction to Combinational Logic Functions

Introduction to Combinational Logic Functions

The term “combinational” comes to us from mathematics. In…


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Amplifier Impedances

Amplifier Impedances

Input impedance varies considerably with the circuit configuration…


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Complex Number Arithmetic

Complex Number Arithmetic

Since complex numbers are legitimate mathematical entities, just like…


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Series LED Resistor Calculator

Series LED Resistor Calculator

This series LED resistance calculator is perfect for when you have a single LED or a number of the same color of LEDs in series and need to know which resistor you should use.


Tools

Optothyristors

Optothyristors

Like bipolar transistors, SCRs and TRIACs are also manufactured as…


Textbook

Contributors (16)

Contributors (16)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


Textbook