All About Circuits

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Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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Electric Shock

Electric Shock

It is sometimes said regarding electrical safety that, Ït’s not the…


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AC Lab - Large Induction Motor

AC Lab - Large Induction Motor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a large AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.


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What is Alternating Current (AC)?

What is Alternating Current (AC)?

Most students of electricity begin their study with what is known as…


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Contactors

Contactors

All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of…


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Oscilloscope Trigger Controls

Oscilloscope Trigger Controls

A very useful tool for observing rotating objects is a strobe light.…


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DC Generator Theory

DC Generator Theory

Generators used in battery-charging systems must be regulated so as to…


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AC Lab - Induction Motor

AC Lab - Induction Motor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.


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Stepper Motor Calculator

Stepper Motor Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the maximum speed, minimum time per step and maximum power of a stepper motor


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AC Motor Control Circuits

AC Motor Control Circuits

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…


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AC Commutator Motors

AC Commutator Motors

Charles Proteus Steinmetz’s first job after arriving in America…


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Stepper Motors

Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…


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AC Generator Theory

AC Generator Theory

If an electric current is passed through this wire, which direction…


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Flyback Switch Mode Regulator Calculator

Flyback Switch Mode Regulator Calculator

A calculator for computing several parameters needed in the design of a flyback switch mode regulator


Tools

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an automotive alternator to generate three-phase AC voltage and learn how alternators can function as both generators and motors.


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Microcontroller Principles

Microcontroller Principles

Read the following quotation, and then research the term…


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Brushless DC Motor

Brushless DC Motor

Brushless DC motors were developed from conventional brushed DC motors…


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Polyphase Motor Design

Polyphase Motor Design

AC Motors Perhaps the most important benefit of polyphase AC power…


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Intermediate Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Intermediate Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

As an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, it creates a…


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Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…


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Wavelength (TEM) Calculator

Wavelength (TEM) Calculator

This calculator determines the wavelength of a signal given the frequency and dielectric constant.


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Single-phase Power Systems

Single-phase Power Systems

Single phase power system schematic diagram shows little about the…


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AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an automotive alternator to generate three-phase AC voltage and learn how alternators can function as both generators and motors.


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Practical considerations - Digital Communication

Practical considerations - Digital Communication

A principal consideration for industrial control networks, where the…


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Δ-Y and Y-Δ Conversions

Δ-Y and Y-Δ Conversions

In many circuit applications, we encounter components connected…


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Factorials

Factorials

Definition of a Factorial Denoted by the symbol “!” after…


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How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

How to Use Thevenin’s Theorem

This page will walk you step-by-step through the process of…


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Strain Gauges

Strain Gauges

If a strip of conductive metal is stretched, it will become skinnier…


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History of SPICE

History of SPICE

SPICE is a computer program designed to simulate analog electronic…


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Dielectric Strengths for Insulators

Dielectric Strengths for Insulators

Dielectric strength in kilovolts per inch (kV/in): Material*…


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What is a Filter?

What is a Filter?

It is sometimes desirable to have circuits capable of selectively…


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Inductor Quirks

Inductor Quirks

In an ideal case, an inductor acts as a purely reactive device. That…


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Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Parallel-in/ serial-out shift registers do everything that the…


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TTL NOR and OR gates

TTL NOR and OR gates

TTL Circuit Analysis Let’s examine the following TTL circuit and…


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The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR)

Shockley Diodes and Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) Shockley…


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Batteries

Batteries

If I wanted to build a battery-powered electric drill, would it be…


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Numeration Systems

Numeration Systems

Digital computers communicate with external devices through ports:…


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Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Karnaugh Maps, Truth Tables, and Boolean Expressions

Who Developed the Karnaugh Map? Maurice Karnaugh, a…


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Design Project: DC Motor

Design Project: DC Motor

The armature windings of your DC motor will have very low resistance.…


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Torque Conversion Calculator

Torque Conversion Calculator

A tool designed to convert between units of torque


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Complex Number Arithmetic

Complex Number Arithmetic

Since complex numbers are legitimate mathematical entities, just like…


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Broadside Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

Broadside Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a broadside coupled stripline.


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Capacitor Types

Capacitor Types

A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that…


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Stripline Trace Width Calculator

Stripline Trace Width Calculator

A calculator designed to calculate the trace width of a stripline based on the maximum current rating


Tools

Superconducting Devices

Superconducting Devices

Superconducting devices, though not widely used, have some unique…


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The Command-line Interface

The Command-line Interface

If you’ve used DOS or UNIX operating systems before in a…


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IGFET Amplifiers

IGFET Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Inductance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

Inductance, Reactance, and Admittance Calculator

This calculator gives the reactance and admittance of an inductor or the inductance given the reactance of an inductor


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Combination Tubes

Combination Tubes

Similar in thought to the idea of the integrated circuit, tube…


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Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction

While Oersted’s surprising discovery of electromagnetism paved…


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Impedance

Impedance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Skin Depth Calculator

Skin Depth Calculator

A tool designed to calculate skin depth based on the conductive material being used and the frequency of the signal.


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Calculating Power Factor

Calculating Power Factor

As was mentioned before, the angle of this “power…


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Rules for Antiderivatives

Rules for Antiderivatives

Constant Rule     Rule of Sums     Rule of…


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Q Factor and Bandwidth of a Resonant Circuit

Q Factor and Bandwidth of a Resonant Circuit

The Q, or quality, factor of a resonant circuit is a measure of the…


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Active-mode Operation (BJT)

Active-mode Operation (BJT)

When a transistor is in the fully-off state (like an open switch), it…


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Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Safe Meter Usage

Safe Meter Usage

Using an electrical meter safely and efficiently is perhaps the most…


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Design Project: Power Inverter

Design Project: Power Inverter

A common topology for DC-AC power converter circuits uses a pair of…


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DC Lab - Rate-of-change Indicator

DC Lab - Rate-of-change Indicator

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog differentiator circuit that outputs a signal proportional to the rate-of-change and learn about one of the advantages of analog circuits.


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