Binary Addition

The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…

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General Troubleshooting Tips

When first approaching a failed or otherwise misbehaving system, the…

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Polar Form and Rectangular Form Notation for Complex Numbers

In order to work with complex numbers without drawing vectors, we…

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Operational Amplifier Models

While mention of operational amplifiers typically provokes visions of…

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Contributors (12)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…

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Hyperbolic Functions

Note: all angles (x) must be expressed in units of radians for these…

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Series R, L, and C

Let’s take the following example circuit and analyze it:  …

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Digital Logic Signals

A rheostat (variable resistor) and a switch are both examples of…

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Circuits and the Speed of Light

Suppose we had a simple one-battery, one-lamp circuit controlled by a…

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Capacitor Impedance Calculator

This tool calculates a capacitor's reactance for a given capacitance value and signal frequency.

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The Quadratic Formula

Solving for x in a given polynomial equation “ax2 + bx + c…

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The DIAC

Like all diodes, Shockley diodes are unidirectional devices; that is,…

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Monostable Multivibrators

We’ve already seen one example of a monostable multivibrator in…

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Component Failure Analysis (Continued)

“I consider that I understand an equation when I can predict the…

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Stepper Motor Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the maximum speed, minimum time per step and maximum power of a stepper motor

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Three-phase Power Systems

What is Split-Phase Power Systems? Split-phase power systems achieve…

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SPICE Quirks

“Garbage in, garbage out.” —Anonymous   SPICE…

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Introduction to Complex Numbers

If I needed to describe the distance between two cities, I could…

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Contributors (5)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…

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DC Lab - 4-wire Resistance Measurement

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will perform a 4-wire Kelvin resistance measurement and learn how to accurately measure resistance.

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Simple AC Circuit Calculations

Over the course of the next few chapters, you will learn that AC…

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Transistors, Bipolar

There are not too many circuit symbols for bipolar transistors. There…

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Millman’s Theorem

In Millman’s Theorem, the circuit is re-drawn as a parallel…

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High-pass Filters

A high-pass filter’s task is just the opposite of a low-pass…

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Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Solve this equation for the value of x: x + 5 = 8 How many exact…

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Analog Lab - 555 Oscillator (Astable Multivibrator)

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator using a 555 timer and learn the theory of operation of the 555 timer when configured as an astable multivibrator.

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Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…

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What Are Zener Diodes?

What Is a Zener Diode? A Zener diode is a special type of rectifying…

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Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

What is Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)? The principle known as…

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DC Branch Current Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Solving Unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge Circuits Via Mesh Current Method

An unbalanced Wheatstone bridge cannot be solved using simple series…

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Network Protocols

Aside from the issues of the physical network (signal types and…

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Binary Addition

The Rules of Binary Addition Adding binary numbers is a very simple…

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Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…

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R, L and C Summary

With the notable exception of calculations for power (P), all AC…

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Resistors Types

These are the most common types of resistors available. Resistors…

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Definite Integrals and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

        RELATED WORKSHEET: Calculus for Electric…

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Design Project: Power Inverter

A common topology for DC-AC power converter circuits uses a pair of…

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Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor vs Servo Motor A stepper motor is a…

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Power Added Efficiency Calculator

A calculator designed to compute the power-added efficiency (PAE) of an amplifier

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