For ease of drawing complex circuit diagrams, electronic amplifiers…
This calculator will compute the required resistor ratio (R2/R1) and reference voltage (VREF) to create the desired high (VTH) and low (VTL) threshold voltages in a non-inverting comparator circuit with hysteresis (commonly called a Schmitt trigger).
Identify some different ways you can create the sine-wave audio tracks…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
What is a harmonic frequency? If an oscillator circuit outputs a…
We can take the same components from the series circuit and rearrange…
Add the following binary numbers:
As strange as it may seem, any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform is…
When plotted on a curve tracer, the characteristic curve for a normal…
Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams,…
In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a custom operational amplifier (op amp) and learn about the application of current mirrors and the use of negative feedback in op amp circuits.
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
The final transistor amplifier configuration (Figure below) we need to…
The concept of a mathematical power is familiar to most students of…
What are Simultaneous Equations and Systems of Equations? The terms…
Since transformers are essentially AC devices, we need to be aware of…
Practical Benefit of Active Devices The practical benefit of active…
To enter numbers in scientific notation into a hand calculator, there…
Older electrical schematics showed connecting wires crossing, while…
As an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, it creates a…
In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build an astable multivibrator (oscillator) circuit that provides an output in the audio frequency range and learn the effect of component values and supply voltage on oscillation frequency.
The final transistor amplifier configuration (Figure below) we need to…
What do we do if we come across a circuit more complex than the simple…
In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test a 2-input digital NAND gate with LED indicators and learn to read pinout diagrams, power a digital IC, connect unused inputs and outputs, and use pulldown resistors.
Superconducting devices, though not widely used, have some unique…
The manufacture of only silicon based semiconductors is described…
All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…
Transformers with Multiple Secondaries Transformers are very versatile…
Insulated gate field-effect transistors are unipolar devices just like…
Most integrated circuits are digital, based on MOS (CMOS) transistors.…
Definition of a Factorial Denoted by the symbol “!” after…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Calculate circuit parameters using Ohm's Law
What Is a Zener Diode? A Zener diode is a special type of rectifying…
∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…
Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…
The invention of the bipolar transistor in 1948 ushered in a…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
When capacitors are connected in series, the total capacitance is…
The expression of numerical quantities is something we tend to take…
A peak detector is a series connection of a diode and a…
The SPICE (Simulation Program, Integrated Circuit Emphesis)…
As we’ve already learned, electricity requires a complete path…
For ease of drawing complex circuit diagrams, electronic amplifiers…
Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…
A waveguide is a special form of transmission line consisting of a…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Protective relays are special power-sensing devices whose job it is to…
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
This calculator helps you compute the inductance of a wire-over-plane setup.
With simple series circuits, all components are connected end-to-end…
The “vocabulary” of instructions which any particular…
Convert to and from different units of length, weight, power, temperature and torque
Larger Karnaugh maps reduce larger logic designs. How large is large…
Bipolar transistors are constructed of a three-layer semiconductor…
This balanced attenuator calculator helps you determine the resistor (R1) values for a balanced attenuator.
