All About Circuits

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Series Circuit Rules

Series Circuit Rules

Current Components in a series circuit share the same current: Itotal…


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Vol III. Credits

Vol III. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


Textbook

The Common-collector Amplifier

The Common-collector Amplifier

Our next transistor configuration to study is a bit simpler for gain…


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Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Class B push-pull audio amplifier to drive a speaker and learn about crossover distortion and how to minimize it using negative feedback.


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Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution.…


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The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…


Textbook

Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Electronic power conversion circuits known…


Worksheets - Analog

LC Tank Circuit Resonance Calculator

LC Tank Circuit Resonance Calculator

This calculator computes the resonant frequency of a parallel inductor and capacitor "tank" circuit.


Tools

Delta-Sigma ADC

Delta-Sigma ADC

One of the more advanced ADC technologies is the so-called…


Textbook

IGFET Amplifiers

IGFET Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

Introduction to Operational Amplifiers (Op-amps)

Introduction to Operational Amplifiers (Op-amps)

What is an Operational Amplifier (Op-amp)? Operational Amplifiers,…


Textbook

Voltage Divider Circuits

Voltage Divider Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

Series Resistor-Inductor Circuits

Series Resistor-Inductor Circuits

In the previous section, we explored what would happen in simple…


Textbook

Voltage-to-Current Signal Conversion

Voltage-to-Current Signal Conversion

In instrumentation circuitry, DC signals are often used as analog…


Textbook

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

Encoders and Decoders

Encoders and Decoders

What does it mean, in general terms, to encode something? Conversely,…


Worksheets - Analog

Si Lab - Intro to Discrete Semiconductor Circuits

Si Lab - Intro to Discrete Semiconductor Circuits

In these hands-on semiconductor electronics experiments, learn to build and test circuits using discrete silicon (Si) devices, including diodes and transistors. Also, learn important circuit designs, including rectifiers, current mirrors, amplifiers, and oscillators.


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What is Network Analysis?

What is Network Analysis?

The basic application of Ohm’s law to combinations of series and…


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The Instrumentation Amplifier

The Instrumentation Amplifier

What Is an Instrumentation Amplifier? An instrumentation amplifier…


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Millman’s Theorem

Millman’s Theorem

In Millman’s Theorem, the circuit is re-drawn as a parallel…


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AC Network Analysis

AC Network Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

Computational Circuits

Computational Circuits

When someone mentions the word “computer,” a digital…


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Thyristors

Thyristors

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

Series Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

Series Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

In the last section, we learned what would happen in simple…


Textbook

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

Intermediate Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Intermediate Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

As an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, it creates a…


Worksheets - Analog

Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Basic Logic Gate Troubleshooting

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


Worksheets - Analog

Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

What shape of voltage waveform would you expect to measure (using an…


Worksheets - Analog

AC Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

AC Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

Phasing

Phasing

Since transformers are essentially AC devices, we need to be aware of…


Textbook

Lock-out / Tag-out

Lock-out / Tag-out

In this motor control circuit, how would you ensure that there is no…


Worksheets - Analog

Introduction to Digital Communication

Introduction to Digital Communication

In the design of large and complex digital systems, it is often…


Textbook

Re-drawing Complex Schematics

Re-drawing Complex Schematics

Typically, complex circuits are not arranged in nice, neat, clean…


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Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a half-wave rectifier circuit using a silicon diode and learn about the differences between permanent magnet motor operation on AC vs. DC power.


Textbook

Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

What does the normal status of an electrical switch refer to?…


Worksheets - Analog

Wheatstone Bridge Calculator

Wheatstone Bridge Calculator

This calculator helps determine the resistance of a variable resistor within a Wheatstone bridge circuit or the differential voltage created across the bridge terminals.


Tools

Clamper Circuits

Clamper Circuits

The circuits in the figure below are known as clampers or DC…


Textbook

Tube Parameters

Tube Parameters

For bipolar junction transistors, the fundamental measure of…


Textbook

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Step-up, Step-down, and Isolation Transformers

Calculate the voltage output by the secondary winding of a transformer…


Worksheets - Analog

Capacitor Charge and Time Constant Calculator

Capacitor Charge and Time Constant Calculator

This calculator computes for the capacitor charge time and energy, given the supply voltage and the added series resistance.


Tools

Practical Considerations - Transformers

Practical Considerations - Transformers

Power Capacity As has already been observed, transformers must be well…


Textbook

Vol II. Credits

Vol II. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


Textbook

Speed Distance Time Calculator

Speed Distance Time Calculator

This calculator will solve for either distance, time, or speed given two of the three parameters.


Tools

Don’t Care Cells in the Karnaugh Map

Don’t Care Cells in the Karnaugh Map

Up to this point we have considered logic reduction problems where…


Textbook

AC Resistor Circuits (Inductive)

AC Resistor Circuits (Inductive)

Instantaneous Values in AC Circuits Pure resistive AC circuit:…


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Autotransformers

Autotransformers

How much voltage is there between the following pairs of points in…


Worksheets - Analog

Vectors and AC Waveforms

Vectors and AC Waveforms

OK, so how exactly can we represent AC quantities of voltage or…


Textbook

Combination Tubes

Combination Tubes

Similar in thought to the idea of the integrated circuit, tube…


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Waveguides

Waveguides

A waveguide is a special form of transmission line consisting of a…


Textbook

AC Lab - Induction Motor

AC Lab - Induction Motor

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple AC permanent capacitor split-phase induction motor and learn the principles of AC induction motor function.


Textbook

Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

A parallel circuit is often called a current divider for its ability…


Textbook

Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

Printed Circuit Board Layout and Manufacture

When a PCB designer speaks of dimensions in thous or mils, what does…


Worksheets - Analog

Digital Signals and Gates

Digital Signals and Gates

While the binary numeration system is an interesting mathematical…


Textbook

Active Loads in Amplifier Circuits

Active Loads in Amplifier Circuits

We know that the current in a series circuit may be calculated with…


Worksheets - Analog

Multiplexers

Multiplexers

A multiplexer, abbreviated mux, is a device that has multiple inputs…


Textbook

Impedance Transformation

Impedance Transformation

Standing waves at the resonant frequency points of an open- or…


Textbook

Systems of Numeration

Systems of Numeration

Roman Numerals The Romans devised a system that was a substantial…


Textbook

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…


Textbook

Troubleshooting Series and Parallel Circuits

Troubleshooting Series and Parallel Circuits

The jobs of electronics engineers and technicians frequently entail…


Textbook

Arc Flash and Arc Blast

Arc Flash and Arc Blast

Electromechanical relays used to start and stop high-power electric…


Worksheets - Analog