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Class B BJT Amplifiers

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Series Circuit Rules

Series Circuit Rules

Current Components in a series circuit share the same current: Itotal…


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DC Bridge Circuits

DC Bridge Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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IGFET Amplifiers

IGFET Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Power Supply Circuits

Power Supply Circuits

There are three major kinds of power supplies: unregulated (also…


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Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Calculator

Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Calculator

The instrumentation amplifier calculator will assist in the design and analysis of a conventional instrumentation amplifier circuit by calculating the required resistor values and gain.


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Solving Simultaneous Equations: The Substitution Method and the Addition Method

Solving Simultaneous Equations: The Substitution Method and the Addition Method

What are Simultaneous Equations and Systems of Equations? The terms…


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Motor Control Circuits

Motor Control Circuits

The interlock contacts installed in the previous section’s motor…


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Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Solve this equation for the value of x: x + 5 = 8 How many exact…


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Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Universal Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Parallel-out

Universal Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Parallel-out

The purpose of the parallel-in/ parallel-out shift register is to take…


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DC Lab - Voltage Divider

DC Lab - Voltage Divider

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a resistive voltage divider and observe how Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) function in real circuits using a voltmeter and an ammeter.


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Complex Vector Addition

Complex Vector Addition

If vectors with uncommon angles are added, their magnitudes (lengths)…


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Intro Lab - A Simple Lighting Circuit

Intro Lab - A Simple Lighting Circuit

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a battery-operated circuit with a light and learn about open and short circuit failures.


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Characteristic Impedance

Characteristic Impedance

The Parallel Wires of Infinite Length Suppose, though, that we had a…


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What is Norton’s Theorem and the Norton Equivalent Circuit?

What is Norton’s Theorem and the Norton Equivalent Circuit?

This article explains the step-by-step process for determining the…


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Peak, Average, and RMS Measurements

Peak, Average, and RMS Measurements

How is it possible to assign a fixed value of voltage or current (such…


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Millman’s Theorem

Millman’s Theorem

In Millman’s Theorem, the circuit is re-drawn as a parallel…


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Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)

Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)

What Is Kirchhoff’s Current Law? Kirchhoff’s Current Law,…


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Building Resistor Circuits Using Breadboards, Perfboards, and Terminal Strips

Building Resistor Circuits Using Breadboards, Perfboards, and Terminal Strips

Over the course of learning about electricity, you will want to…


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The Common-base Amplifier

The Common-base Amplifier

The final transistor amplifier configuration (Figure below) we need to…


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The Exclusive-OR Function: The XOR Gate

The Exclusive-OR Function: The XOR Gate

What Is an XOR Gate? One element conspicuously missing from the set of…


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Parallel Wire Inductance Calculator

Parallel Wire Inductance Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate the inductance of two parallel wires


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Power in Resistive and Reactive AC circuits

Power in Resistive and Reactive AC circuits

Consider a circuit for a single-phase AC power system, where a 120…


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Synchronous Counters

Synchronous Counters

What is a Synchronous Counter? A synchronous counter, in contrast to…


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DC Mesh Current Analysis

DC Mesh Current Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Why L/R and not LR?

Why L/R and not LR?

Learn About L/R Time Constants It is often perplexing to new students…


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DC Lab - Capacitor Charging and Discharging

DC Lab - Capacitor Charging and Discharging

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build capacitor charging and discharging circuits and learn how to calculate the RC time constant of resistor-capacitor circuits.


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True, Reactive, and Apparent Power

True, Reactive, and Apparent Power

Reactive Power We know that reactive loads such as inductors and…


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DC Lab - Potentiometer as a Rheostat

DC Lab - Potentiometer as a Rheostat

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use a potentiometer as a variable resistor to control the speed of a motor and learn how to connect a potentiometer as a rheostat.


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Servo Motor Systems

Servo Motor Systems

Explain the operation of this “H-bridge” motor control circuit: At…


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Edge Coupled Trace Inductance Calculator

Edge Coupled Trace Inductance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute for the inductance of an edge coupled trace.


Tools

Resonance in Series-Parallel Circuits

Resonance in Series-Parallel Circuits

In simple reactive circuits with little or no resistance, the effects…


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Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

Resistor Color Code Calculator and Chart—4 Band, 5 Band, or 6 Band Resistors

A handy all-in-one tool for reading resistor color code values for a 4 band resistor, 5 band resistor, or 6 band resistor.


Tools

Broadside Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

Broadside Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of a broadside coupled stripline.


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Quantum Devices

Quantum Devices

Most integrated circuits are digital, based on MOS (CMOS) transistors.…


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Complex Number Arithmetic

Complex Number Arithmetic

Since complex numbers are legitimate mathematical entities, just like…


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Introduction to SPICE

Introduction to SPICE

“With Electronics Workbench, you can create circuit schematics…


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Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction

While Oersted’s surprising discovery of electromagnetism paved…


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AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

AC Lab - Musical Keyboard as a Signal Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, an electronic musical keyboard will be used as a variable-frequency AC signal generator to learn the difference between AC amplitude and frequency.


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Other Diode Technologies

Other Diode Technologies

Varicap or varactor diodes A variable capacitance diode is known as a…


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The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC circuit is an alternative to the binary-weighted-input…


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Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

Digital Lab - 10-bit Flashing LED Sequencer

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build and test an automated circuit that sequentially flashes 10 LED, and learn about counters, frequency dividers, and switch debouncing.


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Combination Tubes

Combination Tubes

Similar in thought to the idea of the integrated circuit, tube…


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Capacitive Reactance

Capacitive Reactance

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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The common-drain Amplifier (JFET)

The common-drain Amplifier (JFET)

RELATED WORKSHEETS: JFET Amplifiers Worksheet


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Embedded Microstrip Impedance Calculator

Embedded Microstrip Impedance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of an embedded microstrip.


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Susceptance and Admittance

Susceptance and Admittance

What is Conductance? In the study of DC circuits, the student of…


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Resonance

Resonance

The Q factor of a series inductive circuit is given by the following…


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Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…


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The Common-gate Amplifier (JFET)

The Common-gate Amplifier (JFET)

RELATED WORKSHEETS: JFET Amplifiers Worksheet


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Introduction to Solid-state Device Theory

Introduction to Solid-state Device Theory

This chapter will cover the physics behind the operation of…


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Factors Affecting Capacitance

Factors Affecting Capacitance

There are three basic factors of capacitor construction determining…


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Converting Truth Tables into Boolean Expressions

Converting Truth Tables into Boolean Expressions

In designing digital circuits, the designer often begins with a truth…


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Free Space Path Loss Calculator

Free Space Path Loss Calculator

This calculator calculates the free space loss, given the distance, frequency, and gain, between two antennas.


Tools

Fundamentals of Radio Communication

Fundamentals of Radio Communication

What does the acronym RF stand form, in reference to radio-related…


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Sequences

Sequences

Arithmetic Sequences An arithmetic sequence is a series of numbers…


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Voltage-to-Current Signal Conversion

Voltage-to-Current Signal Conversion

In instrumentation circuitry, DC signals are often used as analog…


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Amplifiers

Amplifiers

Practical Benefit of Active Devices The practical benefit of active…


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AC Waveforms

AC Waveforms

When an alternator produces AC voltage, the voltage switches polarity…


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