All About Circuits

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Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Passive Filter Circuits

Passive Filter Circuits

In very simple, qualitative terms, rate the impedance of capacitors…


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555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Schmitt trigger using a 555 timer and learn about hysteresis and the inner workings of the extremely versatile 555 timer IC.


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Active-mode Operation (JFET)

Active-mode Operation (JFET)

JFETs, like bipolar transistors, are able to “throttle”…


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Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Bipolar Transistor Biasing Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Battery Ratings

Battery Ratings

Because batteries create current flow in a circuit by exchanging…


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Analog Lab - Non-inverting Amplifier

Analog Lab - Non-inverting Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a programmable non-inverting amplifier and learn how to use the negative feedback of an operational amplifier to control the gain.


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Feedback

Feedback

If some percentage of an amplifier’s output signal is connected…


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Solving Series and Parallel Circuits With the Table Method and Ohm’s Law

Solving Series and Parallel Circuits With the Table Method and Ohm’s Law

The table method provides a structured methodology for ensuring you…


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Computational Circuits

Computational Circuits

When someone mentions the word “computer,” a digital…


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Switch Types

Switch Types

Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…


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Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Simultaneous Equations for Circuit Analysis

Solve this equation for the value of x: x + 5 = 8 How many exact…


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Vectors and AC Waveforms

Vectors and AC Waveforms

OK, so how exactly can we represent AC quantities of voltage or…


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Special Diodes

Special Diodes

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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What Is the Skin Effect?

What Is the Skin Effect?

The Skin Depth of Copper in Electrical Engineering As previously…


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Active Versus Passive Devices

Active Versus Passive Devices

Passive Devices Components incapable of controlling current by means…


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Current Mirror BJTs

Current Mirror BJTs

Bipolar Junction Transistor or BJT Current Mirror An often-used…


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Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an audio amplifier using a vacuum tube (triode) and learn about voltage transformers, how to build a high-voltage DC power supply, and how to use a transformer for impedance matching.


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Battery Life Calculator

Battery Life Calculator

This calculator provides three options—basic, intermediate, and advanced—for determining expected battery life for microcontroller, Internet of Things (IoT), and edge processing systems with up to four different operating modes.


Tools

AC Bridge Circuits

AC Bridge Circuits

As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration…


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Series R, L, and C

Series R, L, and C

Let’s take the following example circuit and analyze it:  …


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Pressure Unit Conversion Calculator

Pressure Unit Conversion Calculator

This calculator will convert pressure values to ten different standard units for pressure.


Tools

Binary Math

Binary Math

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


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AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

AC Lab - Automotive Alternator as AC Generator

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an automotive alternator to generate three-phase AC voltage and learn how alternators can function as both generators and motors.


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DC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector With Audio Output

DC Lab - Sensitive Voltage Detector With Audio Output

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will construct a voltage detector with adjustable sensitivity and audio output, and you will learn a method for detecting small electrical signals without an oscilloscope.


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Time Constant Equations

Time Constant Equations

Value of time constant in series RC and RL circuits   Time…


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Introduction to Electron Tubes

Introduction to Electron Tubes

An often neglected area of study in modern electronics is that of…


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AC phase

AC phase

If we were to express the series-connected DC voltages as phasors…


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Half-Adder

Half-Adder

As a first example of useful combinational logic, let’s build a…


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Digital Memory Terms and Concepts

Digital Memory Terms and Concepts

When we store information in some kind of circuit or device, we not…


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Parallel Resistor Calculator

Parallel Resistor Calculator

Calculate the equivalent resistance of up to six resistors in parallel with ease while learning how to calculate resistance in parallel and the parallel resistance formula.


Tools

Open-Loop OpAmp Circuits

Open-Loop OpAmp Circuits

Determine what the magnitude and polarity of the voltmeter’s…


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Phasor Mathematics

Phasor Mathematics

Provide a definition for phasor, as the term applies to electrical…


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Capacitor Quirks

Capacitor Quirks

As with inductors, the ideal capacitor is a purely reactive device,…


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Design Project: AC-DC Power Supply

Design Project: AC-DC Power Supply

Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…


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Circuit Components

Circuit Components

Remember that this tutorial is not exhaustive by any means, and that…


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Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

What is Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)? The principle known as…


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Contributors (4)

Contributors (4)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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Flip-Flop Circuits

Flip-Flop Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


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DC Circuit Equations and Laws

DC Circuit Equations and Laws

Power Equation of Ohm’s Law and Joule’s Law    …


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DC Lab - Introduction

DC Lab - Introduction

In this series of hands-on electronics experiments, you will build direct current (DC) circuits and learn fundamental electrical engineering circuit concepts.


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Rules for Antiderivatives

Rules for Antiderivatives

Constant Rule     Rule of Sums     Rule of…


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Differential Transistor Amplifiers

Differential Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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The common-drain Amplifier (JFET)

The common-drain Amplifier (JFET)

RELATED WORKSHEETS: JFET Amplifiers Worksheet


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Microstrip Max Current Calculator

Microstrip Max Current Calculator

A calculator for solving the maximum current a microstrip can handle.


Tools

Mutual Inductance

Mutual Inductance

When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, what…


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Introduction to SPICE

Introduction to SPICE

“With Electronics Workbench, you can create circuit schematics…


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Input and Output Coupling

Input and Output Coupling

To overcome the challenge of creating necessary DC bias voltage for an…


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Complex Voltage and Current Calculations

Complex Voltage and Current Calculations

There are circumstances when you may need to analyze a DC reactive…


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Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Before the advent of solid-state logic circuits, logical control…


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Microprocessor Programming

Microprocessor Programming

What is the difference between a JMP (“jump”) instruction and a…


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Coax Impedance Calculator

Coax Impedance Calculator

A helpful tool for calculating the impedance of a coaxial cable.


Tools

Current Signal Systems

Current Signal Systems

Current Source It is possible through the use of electronic amplifiers…


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Look-up Tables

Look-up Tables

Having learned about digital memory devices in the last chapter, we…


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Digital Lab - Introduction

Digital Lab - Introduction

In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test digital circuits and learn the fundamentals of digital logic circuits, including gates, counters, logic levels, hysteresis, memory, and more.


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Applications of Resonance

Applications of Resonance

So far, the phenomenon of resonance appears to be a useless curiosity,…


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DC Bridge Circuits

DC Bridge Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Clipper Circuits

Clipper Circuits

A circuit which removes the peak of a waveform is known as a clipper.…


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Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier With Output Filtering

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier With Output Filtering

In this hands-on semiconductor experiment, build an improved full-wave rectifier with output filtering and learn about capacitive filtering in AC-to-DC power converters.


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