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DC Bridge Circuits

DC Bridge Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Active-mode Operation (JFET)

Active-mode Operation (JFET)

JFETs, like bipolar transistors, are able to “throttle”…


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555 Lab - Monostable Multivibrator (One-shot)

555 Lab - Monostable Multivibrator (One-shot)

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a monostable multivibrator using a 555 timer IC and learn about RC time constant charging and how a one-shot timer operates.


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Polar Form and Rectangular Form Notation for Complex Numbers

Polar Form and Rectangular Form Notation for Complex Numbers

In order to work with complex numbers without drawing vectors, we…


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Semiconductor Manufacturing Techniques

Semiconductor Manufacturing Techniques

The manufacture of only silicon based semiconductors is described…


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Rules for Derivatives

Rules for Derivatives

Constant rule Rule of sums Rule of differences Product rule Quotient…


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The Common-collector Amplifier

The Common-collector Amplifier

Our next transistor configuration to study is a bit simpler for gain…


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Thyristor Application Circuits

Thyristor Application Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Three-phase Transformer Circuits

Three-phase Transformer Circuits

Since three-phase is used so often for power distribution systems, it…


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555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

555 Lab - Oscillator With Hysteresis

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator with hysteresis from a Schmitt trigger and learn how to use it to create an RC oscillator and a method to configure a 555 timer as an astable multivibrator.


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High-Reliability Circuits

High-Reliability Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


Worksheets - Analog

Wiring Color Codes Infographic

Wiring Color Codes Infographic

Wiring Color Codes Infographic. Released under the Creative Commons…


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AC Lab - LC Tank Circuit

AC Lab - LC Tank Circuit

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a parallel resonant inductor-capacitor circuit and learn about oscillation, resonant frequency, and damping.


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The Triode

The Triode

De Forest’s Audion tube came to be known as the triode tube…


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Special-output Gates

Special-output Gates

Complementary Output Gates It is sometimes desirable to have a logic…


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555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

555 Lab - Schmitt Trigger

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Schmitt trigger using a 555 timer and learn about hysteresis and the inner workings of the extremely versatile 555 timer IC.


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T-Match Impedance Matching Circuits

T-Match Impedance Matching Circuits

A tool designed to compute the values to be used in a T-match Impedance Circuit


Tools

Winding Configurations

Winding Configurations

Transformers with Multiple Secondaries Transformers are very versatile…


Textbook

Non-Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

Non-Inverting Op-Amp Resistor Calculator

This calculator determines the bias and feedback of resistors for a non-inverting Op-Amp


Tools

PN Junctions

PN Junctions

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

The Common-collector Amplifier

The Common-collector Amplifier

Our next transistor configuration to study is a bit simpler for gain…


Textbook

Conductor Ampacity

Conductor Ampacity

The smaller the cross-sectional area of any given wire, the greater…


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Boolean Algebraic Identities

Boolean Algebraic Identities

In mathematics, an identity is a statement true for all possible…


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The Common-gate Amplifier (IGFET)

The Common-gate Amplifier (IGFET)


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Microstrip Inductance Calculator

Microstrip Inductance Calculator

This calculator computes the inductance of a microstrip etched on a PCB.


Tools

Common Sources of Hazard

Common Sources of Hazard

Of course, there is a danger of electrical shock when directly…


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Design Project: Sensitive Audio Detector

Design Project: Sensitive Audio Detector

The choice of step-down transformers to use in a project such as this…


Worksheets - Analog

Pressure Unit Conversion Calculator

Pressure Unit Conversion Calculator

This calculator will convert pressure values to ten different standard units for pressure.


Tools

AC Phase

AC Phase

Things start to get complicated when we need to relate two or more AC…


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Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


Worksheets - Analog

Algebraic Substitution for Electric Circuits

Algebraic Substitution for Electric Circuits

There are two basic Ohm’s Law equations: one relating voltage,…


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Half-Adder

Half-Adder

As a first example of useful combinational logic, let’s build a…


Textbook

Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Parallel-in/ serial-out shift registers do everything that the…


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Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Inverting and Noninverting OpAmp Voltage Amplifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

Si Lab - Simple Op Amp

Si Lab - Simple Op Amp

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a custom operational amplifier (op amp) and learn about the application of current mirrors and the use of negative feedback in op amp circuits.


Textbook

Coefficients of Specific Resistance

Coefficients of Specific Resistance

Specific resistance at 20o C:  Material Element/Alloy ohm-cmil/ft…


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Modern Nonmechanical Memory

Modern Nonmechanical Memory

Now we can proceed to studying specific types of digital storage…


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Inductor Commutating Circuits

Inductor Commutating Circuits

A popular use of diodes is for the mitigation of inductive…


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Current Divider Circuits

Current Divider Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

High-Reliability Circuits

High-Reliability Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


Worksheets - Analog

Frequency and Phase Measurement

Frequency and Phase Measurement

An important electrical quantity with no equivalent in DC circuits is…


Textbook

The Common-gate Amplifier (JFET)

The Common-gate Amplifier (JFET)

RELATED WORKSHEETS: JFET Amplifiers Worksheet


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Metric Notation

Metric Notation

The metric system, besides being a collection of measurement units for…


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Electric Fields and Capacitance

Electric Fields and Capacitance

Introduction Whenever an electric voltage exists between two separated…


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Table (landscape view)

Table (landscape view)

Periodic table of chemical elements.


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Wires and Connections

Wires and Connections

Older electrical schematics showed connecting wires crossing, while…


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TTL NOR and OR gates

TTL NOR and OR gates

TTL Circuit Analysis Let’s examine the following TTL circuit and…


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Semiconductor Devices in SPICE

Semiconductor Devices in SPICE

The SPICE (Simulation Program, Integrated Circuit Emphesis)…


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Analog and Digital Signals

Analog and Digital Signals

Instrumentation is a field of study and work centering on measurement…


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The Silicon-Controlled Switch (SCS)

The Silicon-Controlled Switch (SCS)

If we take the equivalent circuit of an SCR and add another external…


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Data Flow

Data Flow

Buses and networks are designed to allow communication to occur…


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Battery Life Calculator

Battery Life Calculator

This calculator provides three options—basic, intermediate, and advanced—for determining expected battery life for microcontroller, Internet of Things (IoT), and edge processing systems with up to four different operating modes.


Tools

Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

Design Project: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Signal Generator

What shape of voltage waveform would you expect to measure (using an…


Worksheets - Analog

Microstrip Trace Width Calculator

Microstrip Trace Width Calculator

This tool is designed to compute for the trace width of a microstrip


Tools

Capacitor Quirks

Capacitor Quirks

As with inductors, the ideal capacitor is a purely reactive device,…


Textbook

High-Reliability Circuits

High-Reliability Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


Worksheets - Analog

Wire Types and Sizes

Wire Types and Sizes

Most electrical wire is covered in a rubber or plastic coating called…


Worksheets - Analog

What Are Electric Circuits?

What Are Electric Circuits?

You might have been wondering how charges can continuously flow in a…


Textbook

Snell’s Law Calculator

Snell’s Law Calculator

Given three of the four input parameters (refractive indices, angles of incidence, and refraction) this tool calculates the missing variable based on Snell's law.


Tools

Millman’s Theorem

Millman’s Theorem

In Millman’s Theorem, the circuit is re-drawn as a parallel…


Textbook