How to Create Band-pass Filter There are applications where a…
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Practical Benefit of Active Devices The practical benefit of active…
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Diodes can perform switching and digital logic operations. Forward and…
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Determine the output voltage polarity of this op-amp (with reference…
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This chapter explores the response of capacitors and inductors to…
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While the C-B (common-base) amplifier is known for wider bandwidth…
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build a programmable non-inverting amplifier and learn how to use the negative feedback of an operational amplifier to control the gain.
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Unijunction transistor: Although a unijunction transistor is not a…
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SCRs are unidirectional (one-way) current devices, making them useful…
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There are not too many circuit symbols for bipolar transistors. There…
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Circuits consisting of just one battery and one load resistance are…
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In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, use a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) to build a sensitive switching circuit and learn about JFET current gain.
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Bipolar transistors are constructed of a three-layer semiconductor…
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This calculator will compute the required resistor ratio (R2/R1) and reference voltage (VREF) to create the desired high (VTH) and low (VTL) threshold voltages in a non-inverting comparator circuit with hysteresis (commonly called a Schmitt trigger).
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Power Equation of Ohm’s Law and Joule’s Law …
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Note that the direction of the arrow at the gate indicates the…
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It is sometimes desirable to have circuits capable of selectively…
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No text on electrical metering could be called complete without a…
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Input impedance varies considerably with the circuit configuration…
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Sometimes it is necessary to determine the length of time that a…
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Inductive Reactance Capacitive Reactance …
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For ease of drawing complex circuit diagrams, electronic amplifiers…
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will compare the resistance of a lamp filament in its on and off states and learn about nonlinear resistances by applying Ohm's law.
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Explain the difference between a balanced polyphase system and an…
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Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
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In DC and low-frequency AC circuits, the characteristic impedance of…
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The table of electric currents and their various bodily effects was…
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After the introduction of the DC electrical distribution system by…
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Who Developed the Karnaugh Map? Maurice Karnaugh, a…
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Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…
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The manufacture of only silicon based semiconductors is described…
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A wound rotor induction motor has a stator like a squirrel cage…
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In this collection of hands-on electronics experiments, build and test mixed-signal analog and digital circuits using the versatile 555 timer IC. These projects will teach you about RC time constants, duty cycle, transistor current drive, LEDs, voltage doublers, and more.
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A very common misconception students have about potentiometers is the…
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Ohm’s Law also makes intuitive sense if you apply it to the…
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Class B push-pull audio amplifier to drive a speaker and learn about crossover distortion and how to minimize it using negative feedback.
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A modern method of electrical power control involves inserting a…
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Learn about junction field effect transistors (JFETs), their equations, and how to model and simulate JFETs in LTspice.
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In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an analog differentiator circuit that outputs a signal proportional to the rate-of-change and learn about one of the advantages of analog circuits.
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When analyzing complex series and parallel circuits, it is easy to…
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Most electrical wire is covered in a rubber or plastic coating called…
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In an ideal case, an inductor acts as a purely reactive device. That…
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The manufacture of only silicon based semiconductors is described…
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A mathematician named DeMorgan developed a pair of important rules…
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Often in the course of designing and building electrical meter…
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Learn the Power Formula We’ve seen the formula for determining…
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Thyristors are a class of semiconductor components exhibiting…
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A helpful tool for calculating the impedance of a coaxial cable.
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All About Diodes A diode is an electrical device allowing current to…
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If you’ve used DOS or UNIX operating systems before in a…
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Introduction Whenever an electric voltage exists between two separated…
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This article explains the step-by-step process for determining the…
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Because capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, they…
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All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…
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In the previous section, we explored what would happen in simple…
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Safety is very important when designing and/or building a device…
Worksheets - Analog
During the early development of telephone technology, a unit was…
Worksheets - Analog
Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…
Worksheets - Analog
When a transistor is in the fully-off state (like an open switch), it…
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