Summer and Subtractor OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Worksheets - Data Converters

Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (MOSFET)

The Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (IGFET), also known as…

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Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) theory

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Active Filters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Worksheets - Data Converters

Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…

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Worksheets - Data Converters

Microcontroller Principles

Read the following quotation, and then research the term…

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Worksheets - Data Converters

Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Class B push-pull audio amplifier to drive a speaker and learn about crossover distortion and how to minimize it using negative feedback.

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Special-purpose Diodes

Schottky diodes Schottky diodes are constructed of a metal-to-N…

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Digital Ramp ADC

Also known as the stairstep-ramp, or simply counter A/D converter,…

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Successive Approximation ADC

One method of addressing the digital ramp ADC’s shortcomings is…

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Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…

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Junction Field-effect Transistors

The field effect transistor was proposed by Julius Lilienfeld in US…

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Phase-Locked Loops

This is a schematic for a simple VCO: The oscillator is of the RC…

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Conventional Transistor Overview and Special Transistors

A microcontroller is a specialized type of digital computer used to…

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Worksheets - Data Converters

Meter Check of a Diode

The Functionality of Diode Polarity Being able to determine the…

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Thyristor Application Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution.…

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Voltage/Current Converter OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Worksheets - Data Converters

The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

What Is a R/2nR DAC Circuit? The R/2nR DAC circuit, otherwise known as…

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Miscellaneous Diode Applications

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Worksheets - Data Converters

Signal Modulation

A modern method of electrical power control involves inserting a…

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Worksheets - Data Converters

The Pentode

Another strategy for addressing the problem of secondary electrons…

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Microcontroller Principles

Read the following quotation, and then research the term…

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Worksheets - Data Converters

An Electric Pendulum

Capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, and…

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The R/2nR DAC: Binary-Weighted-Input Digital-to-Analog Converter

What Is a R/2nR DAC Circuit? The R/2nR DAC circuit, otherwise known as…

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The “Buffer” Gate

If we were to connect two inverter gates together so that the output…

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Electrical Isolation

SPICE analysis of Electrical Isolation Aside from the ability to…

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Safe Practices

If at all possible, shut off the power to a circuit before performing…

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Diode Switching Circuits

Diodes can perform switching and digital logic operations. Forward and…

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Analog Lab - Precision Voltage Follower Using an Op Amp

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an op amp voltage follower and learn about negative feedback in operational amplifier circuits.

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Capacitor Transient Response

Because capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, they…

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Analog and Digital Signals

Instrumentation is a field of study and work centering on measurement…

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Precise Diode Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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AC Generator Theory

If an electric current is passed through this wire, which direction…

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Worksheets - Data Converters

Converting Between Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits

Since Thevenin’s theorem and Norton’s theorems are two…

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Conductors, Insulators, and Electron Flow

The electrons of different types of atoms have different degrees of…

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Parallel Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

In this introduction to parallel resistance circuits, we will explain…

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Mesh Current Method (Loop Current Method)

This page provides a step-by-step introduction to using the mesh…

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Transistors, Bipolar

There are not too many circuit symbols for bipolar transistors. There…

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Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Calculus is a branch of mathematics that…

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Contributors (2)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…

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Contactors

All About Contactors When a relay is used to switch a large amount of…

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Switch Types

Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…

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Tube Parameters

For bipolar junction transistors, the fundamental measure of…

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Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution.…

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Wire Self Inductance Calculator

This calculator will help compute the inductance of a length of wire.

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Tools

Linear Computational Circuitry

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Worksheets - Data Converters

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…

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Ohm’s Law Calculator

Calculate circuit parameters using Ohm's Law

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Tools

Introduction to Boolean Algebra

Mathematical rules are based on the defining limits we place on the…

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AC Lab - Build a Transformer

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a simple transformer and learn some important transformer fundamentals including voltage step-up and step-down.

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Design Project: Intercom System

Design a passive circuit that will create a "split” ( V/-V) power…

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Derivative of a Constant

    (“c” being a constant)   RELATED…

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Tesla Polyphase Induction Motors

Most AC motors are induction motors. Induction motors are favored due…

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Mutual Inductance and Basic Operation

Behaviors of Inductors wrapped around a Conductive Core Suppose we…

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Contributors (4)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…

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The Command-line Interface

If you’ve used DOS or UNIX operating systems before in a…

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Systems of Numeration

Roman Numerals The Romans devised a system that was a substantial…

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Electrical Connections

What, exactly, is necessary to establish electrical continuity between…

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Amplifier Circuits

Note, Q3 and Q4 in the figure below are complementary, NPN and PNP…

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