Differential Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Clipper Circuits

A circuit which removes the peak of a waveform is known as a clipper.…

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Thyristor Application Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Logic Signal Voltage Levels

Input Voltages for Logic Gates Logic gate circuits are designed to…

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Analog Lab - Class B Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a Class B push-pull audio amplifier to drive a speaker and learn about crossover distortion and how to minimize it using negative feedback.

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Performance-Based Assessments for Semiconductor Circuit Competencies

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Resonant Filters

So far, the filter designs we’ve concentrated on have employed…

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The Unijunction Transistor (UJT)

Unijunction transistor: Although a unijunction transistor is not a…

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Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors

What is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), and what…

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Simple Parallel (Tank Circuit) Resonance

Resonance in a Tank Circuit A condition of resonance will be…

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Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Rectifier Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC circuit is an alternative to the binary-weighted-input…

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Microcontroller Principles

Read the following quotation, and then research the term…

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Performance-Based Assessments for Digital Circuit Competencies

(Template)

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Feedback

If some percentage of an amplifier’s output signal is connected…

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Basic Operational Amplifiers

Determine the output voltage polarity of this op-amp (with reference…

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Conventional Transistor Overview and Special Transistors

A microcontroller is a specialized type of digital computer used to…

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Summer and Subtractor OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Active Filters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Logarithms for Analog Circuits

The concept of a mathematical power is familiar to most students of…

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Series Circuit Rules

Current Components in a series circuit share the same current: Itotal…

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Series Resistor-Capacitor Circuits

In the last section, we learned what would happen in simple…

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Diodes

A diode is an electronics component made from a combination of a…

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AC Negative Feedback OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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AC Lab - Using a Transformer to Build a 12 VAC Power Supply

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a 12 V alternating current (AC) power supply using a step-down transformer and learn about transformer operation and the purpose of tapped windings.

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Junction field-effect transistors (JFET)

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Parallel Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

In this introduction to parallel resistance circuits, we will explain…

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Square Root, Cube Root, and Nth Root Calculator

This calculator will determine the square root, cube root, or nth root of a given number, x.

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Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

In this introduction to series resistance circuits, we will explain…

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What is the Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits?

Circuits consisting of just one battery and one load resistance are…

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The Tetrode

As the name suggests, the tetrode tube contains four elements: cathode…

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Susceptance and Admittance

What is Conductance? In the study of DC circuits, the student of…

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Positive Feedback

As we’ve seen, negative feedback is an incredibly useful…

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Clipper and Clamper Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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BJT Amplifier Troubleshooting

As an instructor of electronics, I am called upon frequently to help…

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Three-phase Power Systems

What is Split-Phase Power Systems? Split-phase power systems achieve…

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Building Resistor Circuits Using Breadboards, Perfboards, and Terminal Strips

Over the course of learning about electricity, you will want to…

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Voltage-to-Current Signal Conversion

In instrumentation circuitry, DC signals are often used as analog…

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Decibels

The Bel is Used to Represent Gain In its simplest form, an…

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Active Loads in Amplifier Circuits

We know that the current in a series circuit may be calculated with…

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Protective Relays

A special type of relay is one that monitors the current, voltage,…

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Precise Diode Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…

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Ammeter Design

Ammeters Measure Electrical Current A meter designed to measure…

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IGBTs

Because of their insulated gates, IGFETs of all types have extremely…

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What is Norton’s Theorem and the Norton Equivalent Circuit?

This article explains the step-by-step process for determining the…

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Flyback Switch Mode Regulator Calculator

A calculator for computing several parameters needed in the design of a flyback switch mode regulator

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Safety Grounding

In simple AC power systems, one of the two conductors is typically…

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VSWR / Return Loss Calculator

A calculator designed to compute the VSWR, reflection coefficient, return loss and matching loss in a transmission line

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Simple Vector Addition

Remember that vectors are mathematical objects just like numbers on a…

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AC Commutator Motors

Charles Proteus Steinmetz’s first job after arriving in America…

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Circuit Effects

The principle of non-sinusoidal, repeating waveforms being equivalent…

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Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

This calculator is designed to compute the parameters required to design a Pi-Match Impedance Circuit

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Data Flow

Buses and networks are designed to allow communication to occur…

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Complex Number Arithmetic

Since complex numbers are legitimate mathematical entities, just like…

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Flash ADC

Also called the parallel A/D converter, this circuit is the simplest…

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Introduction to Network Theorems for Circuit Analysis

Anyone who’s studied geometry should be familiar with the…

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Power Quality Measurement

It used to be with large AC power systems that “power…

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An Analogy for Divided Feedback

A helpful analogy for understanding divided feedback amplifier…

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