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Solid-state Relays

Solid-state Relays

Limitations of Electromechanical Relays As versatile as…


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Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

Time-Delay Electromechanical Relays

What does the normal status of an electrical switch refer to?…


Worksheets - Relays

Electromechanical Relay Logic

Electromechanical Relay Logic

In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as…


Worksheets - Relays

Protective Relay Circuits

Protective Relay Circuits

Protective relays are special power-sensing devices whose job it is to…


Worksheets - Relays

The Silicon-Controlled Switch (SCS)

The Silicon-Controlled Switch (SCS)

If we take the equivalent circuit of an SCR and add another external…


Textbook

Impedance Matching With Transformers

Impedance Matching With Transformers

Suppose you were to take a 3 kW electric heater rated for 240 VAC and…


Worksheets - Relays

Voltage Regulation

Voltage Regulation

As we saw in a few SPICE analyses earlier in this chapter, the output…


Textbook

Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Basic Electromagnetic Relays

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


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Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…


Worksheets - Relays

Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Contact “Normal” State and Make/Break Sequence

Any kind of switch contact can be designed so that the contacts…


Textbook

Linear Computational Circuitry

Linear Computational Circuitry

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Relays

Polyphase Motor Design

Polyphase Motor Design

AC Motors Perhaps the most important benefit of polyphase AC power…


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Wound Rotor Induction Motors

Wound Rotor Induction Motors

A wound rotor induction motor has a stator like a squirrel cage…


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Step-up and Step-down Transformers

Step-up and Step-down Transformers

So far, we’ve observed simulations of transformers where the…


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Introduction to AC Motors

Introduction to AC Motors

After the introduction of the DC electrical distribution system by…


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Brushless DC Motor

Brushless DC Motor

Brushless DC motors were developed from conventional brushed DC motors…


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The J-K Flip-Flop

The J-K Flip-Flop

Another variation on a theme of bistable multivibrators is the J-K…


Textbook

Arc Flash and Arc Blast

Arc Flash and Arc Blast

Electromechanical relays used to start and stop high-power electric…


Worksheets - Relays

DC Motor Control Circuits

DC Motor Control Circuits

How is it possible to electrically measure the torque output by a…


Worksheets - Relays

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

(Template)


Worksheets - Relays

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

The Junction Field-effect Transistor (JFET) as a Switch

Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an…


Textbook

Encoders and Decoders

Encoders and Decoders

What does it mean, in general terms, to encode something? Conversely,…


Worksheets - Relays

Switches, Hand Actuated

Switches, Hand Actuated

A switch is an electrical component that can “make” or…


Textbook

Introduction to Diodes And Rectifiers

Introduction to Diodes And Rectifiers

All About Diodes A diode is an electrical device allowing current to…


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Battery Construction

Battery Construction

The word battery simply means a group of similar components. In…


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Introduction to Complex Numbers

Introduction to Complex Numbers

If I needed to describe the distance between two cities, I could…


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Microprocessors

Microprocessors

Early computer science pioneers such as Alan Turing and John Von…


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Vectors and AC Waveforms

Vectors and AC Waveforms

OK, so how exactly can we represent AC quantities of voltage or…


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Latch Circuits

Latch Circuits

What do you think this logic buffer gate will do, with the output…


Worksheets - Relays

Simple Vector Addition

Simple Vector Addition

Remember that vectors are mathematical objects just like numbers on a…


Textbook

AC Lab - Sensing AC Electric Fields

AC Lab - Sensing AC Electric Fields

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will sense AC electric fields using the sensitive voltage detector and learn about capacitive coupling, EMI, and shielding techniques.


Textbook

Design Project: Radio Transmitter

Design Project: Radio Transmitter

Research the FCC (Federal Communication Commission) guidelines on…


Worksheets - Relays

Polarity of voltage drops

Polarity of voltage drops

When using conventional current flow, we can trace the direction of…


Textbook

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…


Textbook

BJT Amplifier Troubleshooting

BJT Amplifier Troubleshooting

As an instructor of electronics, I am called upon frequently to help…


Worksheets - Relays

Ohm’s Law Practice Worksheet With Answers

Ohm’s Law Practice Worksheet With Answers

Define the following terms: energy, work, and power.


Worksheets - Relays

Fail-safe Design

Fail-safe Design

Logic circuits, whether comprised of electromechanical relays or…


Textbook

Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

Tube Lab - Vacuum Tube Audio Amplifier

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an audio amplifier using a vacuum tube (triode) and learn about voltage transformers, how to build a high-voltage DC power supply, and how to use a transformer for impedance matching.


Textbook

Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

Design Project: Stepper Motor Driver

At first it may seem pointless to have the four buffer gates following…


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Systems of Numeration

Systems of Numeration

Roman Numerals The Romans devised a system that was a substantial…


Textbook

The Command-line Interface

The Command-line Interface

If you’ve used DOS or UNIX operating systems before in a…


Textbook

Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

A parallel circuit is often called a current divider for its ability…


Textbook

Component Modeling

Component Modeling

When plotted on a curve tracer, the characteristic curve for a normal…


Worksheets - Relays

Series-parallel R, L, and C

Series-parallel R, L, and C

Now that we’ve seen how series and parallel AC circuit analysis…


Textbook