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The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter)

The R/2R DAC circuit is an alternative to the binary-weighted-input…


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Vol IV. Credits

Vol IV. Credits

All entries arranged in alphabetical order of surname. Major…


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Minterm vs Maxterm Solution

Minterm vs Maxterm Solution

So far we have been finding Sum-Of-Product (SOP) solutions to logic…


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Flash ADC

Flash ADC

Also called the parallel A/D converter, this circuit is the simplest…


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Network Protocols

Network Protocols

Aside from the issues of the physical network (signal types and…


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Using Multiple Combinational Circuits

Using Multiple Combinational Circuits

As an example of using several circuits together, we are going to make…


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Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Analysis Techniques for Series Parallel Resistor Circuits

Analysis Techniques for Series Parallel Resistor Circuits

Guidelines to Series-Parallel Combination Circuit Analysis The goal of…


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Introduction to Shift Registers

Introduction to Shift Registers

Shift registers, like counters, are a form of sequential…


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Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Read-only memory (ROM) is similar in design to static or dynamic RAM…


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Introduction to Boolean Algebra

Introduction to Boolean Algebra

Mathematical rules are based on the defining limits we place on the…


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Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Bipolar Junction Transistors as Switches

Solid-state switching circuits usually keep their constituent…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Parallel-in, Serial-out (PISO) Conversion

Parallel-in/ serial-out shift registers do everything that the…


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Switch Types

Switch Types

Though it may seem strange to cover the elementary topic of electrical…


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Binary Count Sequence

Binary Count Sequence

If we examine a four-bit binary count sequence from 0000 to 1111, a…


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Finite State Machines

Finite State Machines

Up to now, every circuit that was presented was a combinatorial…


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Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out  (SIPO) Conversion

Shift Registers: Serial-in, Parallel-out (SIPO) Conversion

A serial-in, parallel-out shift register is similar to the serial-in,…


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Digital Lab - S-R Latch With Enable Input using NAND Gates

Digital Lab - S-R Latch With Enable Input using NAND Gates

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an S-R latch with an enabled input using four NAND gates and learn more about digital circuit functionality.


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Decoder

Decoder

A decoder is a circuit that changes a code into a set of signals. It…


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Boolean Rules for Simplification

Boolean Rules for Simplification

Boolean algebra finds its most practical use in the simplification of…


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Wire Over Plane Inductance Calculator

Wire Over Plane Inductance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the inductance of a wire-over-plane setup.


Tools

Switches, Process Actuated

Switches, Process Actuated

It is very important to keep in mind that the “normal”…


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555 Timer Monostable Circuit Calculator

555 Timer Monostable Circuit Calculator

This calculator computes for the output pulse width of a 555 timer monostable circuit


Tools

Step-up and Step-down Transformers

Step-up and Step-down Transformers

So far, we’ve observed simulations of transformers where the…


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Active Versus Passive Devices

Active Versus Passive Devices

Passive Devices Components incapable of controlling current by means…


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Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

A parallel circuit is often called a current divider for its ability…


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Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution.…


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Factoring Equivalencies

Factoring Equivalencies

Factoring Identities :   a2 - b2 = (a + b) (a - b) a2 + 2ab + b2…


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Introduction to Shift Registers

Introduction to Shift Registers

Shift registers, like counters, are a form of sequential…


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Other Waveshapes

Other Waveshapes

As strange as it may seem, any repeating, non-sinusoidal waveform is…


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Stripline Crosstalk Calculator

Stripline Crosstalk Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate cross-talk coefficient and coupled voltage for a stripline


Tools

ElectroStatic Discharge

ElectroStatic Discharge

At the start of this book, we discussed static electricity and how it…


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Decibel Measurements

Decibel Measurements

During the early development of telephone technology, a unit was…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Delta and Wye 3-Phase Circuits

Delta and Wye 3-Phase Circuits

Label where each of the following electrical quantities would be found…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Active-mode Operation (IGFET)

Active-mode Operation (IGFET)


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Stepper Motor Calculator

Stepper Motor Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the maximum speed, minimum time per step and maximum power of a stepper motor


Tools

Derivative of a Constant

Derivative of a Constant

    (“c” being a constant)   RELATED…


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Intro Lab - Build an Electromagnet

Intro Lab - Build an Electromagnet

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will build an electromagnet and learn about electromagnetism including the relationship of magnetic polarity to current flow.


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Solving Simultaneous Equations: The Substitution Method and the Addition Method

Solving Simultaneous Equations: The Substitution Method and the Addition Method

What are Simultaneous Equations and Systems of Equations? The terms…


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Boolean Algebra

Boolean Algebra

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Simple Parallel (Tank Circuit) Resonance

Simple Parallel (Tank Circuit) Resonance

Resonance in a Tank Circuit A condition of resonance will be…


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OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

OpAmp Oscillator Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

Pi-Match Impedance Matching Calculator

This calculator is designed to compute the parameters required to design a Pi-Match Impedance Circuit


Tools

Voltage/Current Converter OpAmp Circuits

Voltage/Current Converter OpAmp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for DC Circuit Competencies

(Template)


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Standing Waves and Resonance

Standing Waves and Resonance

Whenever there is a mismatch of impedance between transmission line…


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High-Reliability Circuits

High-Reliability Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze relay…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Reflection Attenuator Calculator

Reflection Attenuator Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate the value of resistance R1 in a reflection attenuator.


Tools

Capacitor Charge and Time Constant Calculator

Capacitor Charge and Time Constant Calculator

This calculator computes for the capacitor charge time and energy, given the supply voltage and the added series resistance.


Tools

Boolean Algebraic Properties

Boolean Algebraic Properties

Another type of mathematical identity, called a “property”…


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Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)

Introduction to Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)

The invention of the bipolar transistor in 1948 ushered in a…


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Basic Algebra and Graphing for Electric Circuits

Basic Algebra and Graphing for Electric Circuits

Many different equations used in the analysis of electric circuits may…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Stripline Trace Width Calculator

Stripline Trace Width Calculator

A calculator designed to calculate the trace width of a stripline based on the maximum current rating


Tools

Stripline Crosstalk Calculator

Stripline Crosstalk Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate cross-talk coefficient and coupled voltage for a stripline


Tools

RMS Voltage Calculator

RMS Voltage Calculator

This calculator calculates the RMS Voltage value from either the peak voltage, the peak-to-peak voltage, or the average voltage.


Tools

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Analog-to-Digital Conversion

The circuit shown here is a four-bit analog-to-digital converter…


Worksheets - Digital ICs

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…


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Ohmmeter Design

Ohmmeter Design

Though mechanical ohmmeter (resistance meter) designs are rarely used…


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Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator

Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator

This calculator will determine the correct antenna downtilt angle given the heights of the antennas and distance between them.


Tools

Differentiator and Integrator Circuits

Differentiator and Integrator Circuits

By introducing electrical reactance into the feedback loops of an…


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