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Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…


Textbook

Bandpass Filter Calculator

Bandpass Filter Calculator

This calculates values of the inductance, capacitance of an inductor and capacitor used in a Butterworth LC bandpass filter.


Tools

Magnetic Fields and Inductance

Magnetic Fields and Inductance

Whenever electrons flow through a conductor, a magnetic field will…


Textbook

Balanced Attenuator Calculator

Balanced Attenuator Calculator

This balanced attenuator calculator helps you determine the resistor (R1) values for a balanced attenuator.


Tools

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…


Textbook

N-Way Power Divider Calculator

N-Way Power Divider Calculator

This calculator determines the total path loss provided by an RF n-way power splitter.


Tools

Active Filters

Active Filters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Modules

Microstrip Max Current Calculator

Microstrip Max Current Calculator

A calculator for solving the maximum current a microstrip can handle.


Tools

Wavelength (TEM) Calculator

Wavelength (TEM) Calculator

This calculator determines the wavelength of a signal given the frequency and dielectric constant.


Tools

Analog and Digital Signals

Analog and Digital Signals

Instrumentation is a field of study and work centering on measurement…


Textbook

AC Instrumentation Transducers

AC Instrumentation Transducers

Just as devices have been made to measure certain physical quantities…


Textbook

Susceptance and Admittance

Susceptance and Admittance

What is Conductance? In the study of DC circuits, the student of…


Textbook

What is a Filter?

What is a Filter?

It is sometimes desirable to have circuits capable of selectively…


Textbook

Waveguides

Waveguides

A waveguide is a special form of transmission line consisting of a…


Textbook

Special Transformers and Applications

Special Transformers and Applications

Impedance Matching Because transformers can step voltage and current…


Textbook

Optical Data Communication

Optical Data Communication

A modern alternative to sending (binary) digital information via…


Textbook

Microstrip Wavelength Calculator

Microstrip Wavelength Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the guided wavelength inside a microstrip.


Tools

Questions to Ask Before Proceeding

Questions to Ask Before Proceeding

Has the system ever worked before? If yes, has anything happened to…


Textbook

Harmonic Phase Sequences

Harmonic Phase Sequences

In the last section, we saw how the 3rd harmonic and all of its…


Textbook

Networks and Busses

Networks and Busses

The wires between the tank and the monitoring location is  called…


Textbook

Data Flow

Data Flow

Buses and networks are designed to allow communication to occur…


Textbook

The Exclusive-OR Function: The XOR Gate

The Exclusive-OR Function: The XOR Gate

What Is an XOR Gate? One element conspicuously missing from the set of…


Textbook

Op-amp Circuits

Op-amp Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Modules

A Binary Adder

A Binary Adder

Suppose we wanted to build a device that could add two binary bits…


Textbook

Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops

Edge-triggered Latches: Flip-Flops

So far, we’ve studied both S-R and D latch circuits with enable…


Textbook

Peak Voltage Calculator

Peak Voltage Calculator

The peak voltage calculator calculates peak voltage values from the peak-to-peak voltage, RMS voltage, or average voltage.


Tools

Series DC Circuits Practice Worksheet with Answers

Series DC Circuits Practice Worksheet with Answers

In this circuit, three resistors receive the same amount of current (4…


Worksheets - Modules

Design Project: Voltmeter

Design Project: Voltmeter

The most important component of your voltmeter will be the…


Worksheets - Modules

Flash ADC

Flash ADC

Also called the parallel A/D converter, this circuit is the simplest…


Textbook

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) uses digital signals to control power…


Textbook

Voltage Regulation

Voltage Regulation

As we saw in a few SPICE analyses earlier in this chapter, the output…


Textbook

Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Practical Considerations of ADC Circuits

Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution.…


Textbook

Diode Switching Circuits

Diode Switching Circuits

Diodes can perform switching and digital logic operations. Forward and…


Textbook

Contributors (3)

Contributors (3)

<p> Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological…


Textbook

Electrical Conduction in Semiconductors

Electrical Conduction in Semiconductors

In any electrically conductive substance, what are charge carriers?…


Worksheets - Modules

Circuits and the Speed of Light

Circuits and the Speed of Light

Suppose we had a simple one-battery, one-lamp circuit controlled by a…


Textbook

Parallel R, L, and C

Parallel R, L, and C

We can take the same components from the series circuit and rearrange…


Textbook

Static Electricity

Static Electricity

It was discovered centuries ago that certain types of materials would…


Textbook

Conversion From Decimal Numeration

Conversion From Decimal Numeration

Because octal and hexadecimal numeration systems have bases that are…


Textbook

Multiple-input Gates

Multiple-input Gates

The Use of Logic Gate Inverters and buffers exhaust the possibilities…


Textbook

Ionization (gas-filled) Tubes

Ionization (gas-filled) Tubes

So far, we’ve explored tubes which are totally…


Textbook