All About Circuits

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AC Circuit Equations

AC Circuit Equations

Inductive Reactance     Capacitive Reactance    …


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Gas Discharge Tubes

Gas Discharge Tubes

If you’ve ever witnessed a lightning storm, you’ve seen…


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Parallel R, L, and C

Parallel R, L, and C

We can take the same components from the series circuit and rearrange…


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Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier With Output Filtering

Si Lab - Full-wave Bridge Rectifier With Output Filtering

In this hands-on semiconductor experiment, build an improved full-wave rectifier with output filtering and learn about capacitive filtering in AC-to-DC power converters.


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Meter Check of a Transistor (JFET)

Meter Check of a Transistor (JFET)

Testing a JFET with a multimeter might seem to be a relatively easy…


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Performance-Based Assessments for Analog Integrated Circuit Competencies

Performance-Based Assessments for Analog Integrated Circuit Competencies


Worksheets - Analog

Vectors and AC Waveforms

Vectors and AC Waveforms

OK, so how exactly can we represent AC quantities of voltage or…


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An Electric Pendulum

An Electric Pendulum

Capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, and…


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Successive Approximation ADC

Successive Approximation ADC

One method of addressing the digital ramp ADC’s shortcomings is…


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Autotransformers

Autotransformers

How much voltage is there between the following pairs of points in…


Worksheets - Analog

An Analogy for Ohm’s Law

An Analogy for Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law also makes intuitive sense if you apply it to the…


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The Thyristor

The Thyristor

A thyristor is a device that has a number of unusual characteristics.…


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AC Lab - Noise Cancellation

AC Lab - Noise Cancellation

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, you will use an AC voltage source connected to speakers to learn about sound waves and the foundational principle used in noise cancelling headphones.


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Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Switched Capacitor Circuitry

Write an equation describing the precise mathematical relationship…


Worksheets - Analog

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

Biasing Techniques (BJT)

In the common-emitter section of this chapter, we saw a SPICE analysis…


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Transistors, Insulated-gate Field-effect (IGFET or MOSFET)

Transistors, Insulated-gate Field-effect (IGFET or MOSFET)

We have the symbols for depletion mode and enhancement mode MOSFETs -…


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Metric Prefix Conversions

Metric Prefix Conversions

To express a quantity in a different metric prefix from how it was…


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Mutual Inductance and Basic Operation

Mutual Inductance and Basic Operation

Behaviors of Inductors wrapped around a Conductive Core Suppose we…


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Introduction to Mixed-Frequency AC Signals

Introduction to Mixed-Frequency AC Signals

In our study of AC circuits thus far, we’ve explored circuits…


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Mixed-Frequency Signals

Mixed-Frequency Signals

What is a harmonic frequency? If an oscillator circuit outputs a…


Worksheets - Analog

Si Lab - Differential Amplifier

Si Lab - Differential Amplifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a BJT differential amplifier and learn about a fundamental building block that is the basis of most operational amplifiers.


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Power Supply Circuits

Power Supply Circuits

There are three major kinds of power supplies: unregulated (also…


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Special-purpose Batteries

Special-purpose Batteries

Mercury Standard Cell Back in the early days of electrical measurement…


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Contributors (13)

Contributors (13)

Contributors to this chapter are listed in chronological order of…


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LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

LC Resonant Frequency Calculator

A circuit with an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) connected in parallel or series will have a resonant frequency at which their impedances are equal. Given two of the three values—inductance, capacitance, or resonant frequency—this tool will calculate the missing third variable.


Tools

AC Network Analysis

AC Network Analysis

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

History of SPICE

History of SPICE

SPICE is a computer program designed to simulate analog electronic…


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Bit Grouping

Bit Grouping

The singular reason for learning and using the binary numeration…


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The Common-gate Amplifier (IGFET)

The Common-gate Amplifier (IGFET)


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Quantum Devices

Quantum Devices

Most integrated circuits are digital, based on MOS (CMOS) transistors.…


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Binary Subtraction

Binary Subtraction

We can subtract one binary number from another by using the standard…


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Series and Parallel Capacitors

Series and Parallel Capacitors

When capacitors are connected in series, the total capacitance is…


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Conductors, Insulators, and Electron Flow

Conductors, Insulators, and Electron Flow

The electrons of different types of atoms have different degrees of…


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Millman’s Theorem

Millman’s Theorem

In Millman’s Theorem, the circuit is re-drawn as a parallel…


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Solving for Unknown Time

Solving for Unknown Time

Sometimes it is necessary to determine the length of time that a…


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Microprocessor Programming

Microprocessor Programming

What is the difference between a JMP (“jump”) instruction and a…


Worksheets - Analog

Polyphase Power Systems

Polyphase Power Systems

Explain the difference between a balanced polyphase system and an…


Worksheets - Analog

Precise Diode Circuits

Precise Diode Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

VSWR / Return Loss Calculator

VSWR / Return Loss Calculator

A calculator designed to compute the VSWR, reflection coefficient, return loss and matching loss in a transmission line


Tools

Counters

Counters

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to analyze digital…


Worksheets - Analog

Basic Operational Amplifiers

Basic Operational Amplifiers

Determine the output voltage polarity of this op-amp (with reference…


Worksheets - Analog

Arithmetic Properties

Arithmetic Properties

Associative Property In addition and multiplication, terms may be…


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The J-K Flip-Flop

The J-K Flip-Flop

Another variation on a theme of bistable multivibrators is the J-K…


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Embedded Microstrip Impedance Calculator

Embedded Microstrip Impedance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the characteristic impedance of an embedded microstrip.


Tools

Electrical Energy Calculator

Electrical Energy Calculator

This calculator will determine the instantaneous energy, sustained energy, and power consumed by an electrical system given two of the three electrical parameters (voltage, current, or resistance) and the time.


Tools

AC Waveforms

AC Waveforms

When an alternator produces AC voltage, the voltage switches polarity…


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The TRIAC

The TRIAC

SCRs are unidirectional (one-way) current devices, making them useful…


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Node Voltage Method

Node Voltage Method

The node voltage method of DC network analysis solves for unknown…


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Electron Versus Conventional Flow

Electron Versus Conventional Flow

In this electrical circuit, trace the direction of current through the…


Worksheets - Analog

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

555 Lab - Advanced Red LED Flasher

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build a red LED flasher with a transistor drive to control the current and learn how to use transistors to provide current gain and how to limit LED current.


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Resistance

Resistance

The circuit in the previous section is not a very practical one. In…


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Mutual Inductance

Mutual Inductance

When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, what…


Worksheets - Analog

Electric Fields and Capacitance

Electric Fields and Capacitance

Introduction Whenever an electric voltage exists between two separated…


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Binary Count Sequence

Binary Count Sequence

If we examine a four-bit binary count sequence from 0000 to 1111, a…


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Analysis Techniques for Series Parallel Resistor Circuits

Analysis Techniques for Series Parallel Resistor Circuits

Guidelines to Series-Parallel Combination Circuit Analysis The goal of…


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Introduction to Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors

Introduction to Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors

As was stated in the last chapter, there is more than one type of…


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TTL Logic Gates

TTL Logic Gates

Counting practice: count from zero to thirty-one in binary, octal, and…


Worksheets - Analog

Rectifier Circuits

Rectifier Circuits

What is Rectification? Now we come to the most popular application of…


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Basic Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Basic Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

When lightning strikes, nearby magnetic compass needles may be seen to…


Worksheets - Analog

Si Lab - BJT Common-emitter Amplifier

Si Lab - BJT Common-emitter Amplifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, construct a common-emitter amplifier using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and learn about amplifier gain and feedback.


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