All About Circuits

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Kirchhoff’s Laws

Kirchhoff’s Laws

Many electronic circuits use what is called a split or a dual power…


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Bridge Circuits

Bridge Circuits

No text on electrical metering could be called complete without a…


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Diode Ratings

Diode Ratings

In addition to forward voltage drop (Vf) and peak inverse voltage…


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High-pass Filters

High-pass Filters

A high-pass filter’s task is just the opposite of a low-pass…


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Precise Diode Circuits

Precise Diode Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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Hand Calculator Use

Hand Calculator Use

To enter numbers in scientific notation into a hand calculator, there…


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Class B BJT Amplifiers

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

DC Lab - Rheostat Range Limiting

DC Lab - Rheostat Range Limiting

In this hands-on electronics experiment, you will use series and parallel resistor networks to precisely adjust the range and zero point of a rheostat.


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Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

Series Circuits and the Application of Ohm’s Law

In this introduction to series resistance circuits, we will explain…


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Noise Figure Calculator

Noise Figure Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the noise figure of cascaded amplifiers


Tools

The “Operational” Amplifier

The “Operational” Amplifier

Long before the advent of digital electronic technology, computers…


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Active-mode Operation (JFET)

Active-mode Operation (JFET)

JFETs, like bipolar transistors, are able to “throttle”…


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Emergency Response

Emergency Response

Despite lock-out/tag-out procedures and multiple repetitions of…


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Time Constant Circuits

Time Constant Circuits

Generally speaking, how many “time constants” worth of time does…


Worksheets - Analog

Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Advanced Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

∫f(x) dx Calculus alert! Electronic power conversion circuits known…


Worksheets - Analog

Bandpass Filter Calculator

Bandpass Filter Calculator

This calculates values of the inductance, capacitance of an inductor and capacitor used in a Butterworth LC bandpass filter.


Tools

Introduction to Digital-Analog Conversion

Introduction to Digital-Analog Conversion

Connecting digital circuitry to sensor devices is simple if the sensor…


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Gas Discharge Tubes

Gas Discharge Tubes

If you’ve ever witnessed a lightning storm, you’ve seen…


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Ammeter Design

Ammeter Design

Ammeters Measure Electrical Current A meter designed to measure…


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Si Lab - Commutating Diode

Si Lab - Commutating Diode

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a simple circuit that will teach you how to use a commutating diode to reduce inductive kickback.


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The Common-collector Amplifier

The Common-collector Amplifier

Our next transistor configuration to study is a bit simpler for gain…


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Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

Si Lab - Half-wave Rectifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, build a half-wave rectifier circuit using a silicon diode and learn about the differences between permanent magnet motor operation on AC vs. DC power.


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Contact “Bounce”

Contact “Bounce”

When a switch is actuated and contacts touch one another under the…


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Basic Algebra and Graphing for Electric Circuits

Basic Algebra and Graphing for Electric Circuits

Many different equations used in the analysis of electric circuits may…


Worksheets - Analog

Si Lab - Multi-stage Amplifier

Si Lab - Multi-stage Amplifier

In this hands-on semiconductor electronics experiment, construct a three-stage common-emitter amplifier using bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and learn about multi-stage gain and feedback.


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Microstrip Wavelength Calculator

Microstrip Wavelength Calculator

A tool designed to calculate the guided wavelength inside a microstrip.


Tools

JFET Biasing Techniques

JFET Biasing Techniques

Using an example, learn about the different bias techniques for junction field effect transistors (JFETs) like the constant voltage bias, self-bias configuration, and voltage divider biasing.


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Dielectric Strengths for Insulators

Dielectric Strengths for Insulators

Dielectric strength in kilovolts per inch (kV/in): Material*…


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Reflection Attenuator Calculator

Reflection Attenuator Calculator

This tool is designed to calculate the value of resistance R1 in a reflection attenuator.


Tools

Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Basic AC-DC Power Supplies

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


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AC Lab - LC Tank Circuit

AC Lab - LC Tank Circuit

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a parallel resonant inductor-capacitor circuit and learn about oscillation, resonant frequency, and damping.


Textbook

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Class B BJT Amplifiers

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

Inductor Transient Response

Inductor Transient Response

Inductors have the exact opposite characteristics of capacitors.…


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Winding Configurations

Winding Configurations

Transformers with Multiple Secondaries Transformers are very versatile…


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Analog Lab - 555 Oscillator (Astable Multivibrator)

Analog Lab - 555 Oscillator (Astable Multivibrator)

In this hands-on electronics experiment, build an oscillator using a 555 timer and learn the theory of operation of the 555 timer when configured as an astable multivibrator.


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More on AC “polarity”

More on AC “polarity”

Complex numbers are useful for AC circuit analysis because they…


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Copper Wire Ampacity Table

Copper Wire Ampacity Table

Ampacities of copper wire, in free air at 30o C: INSULATION TYPE…


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Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Op-Amp Practical Considerations

Real operational amplifiers have some imperfections compared to an…


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Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

Current Divider Circuits and the Current Divider Formula

A parallel circuit is often called a current divider for its ability…


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The Quadratic Formula

The Quadratic Formula

Solving for x in a given polynomial equation “ax2 + bx + c…


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AC Motor Theory

AC Motor Theory

Electromechanical watt-hour meters use an aluminum disk that is spun…


Worksheets - Analog

Display Tubes

Display Tubes

In addition to performing tasks of amplification and switching, tubes…


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Boolean Algebraic Properties

Boolean Algebraic Properties

Another type of mathematical identity, called a “property”…


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More on AC “polarity”

More on AC “polarity”

Complex numbers are useful for AC circuit analysis because they…


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DC Circuit Equations and Laws

DC Circuit Equations and Laws

Power Equation of Ohm’s Law and Joule’s Law    …


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Trigonometric Derivatives

Trigonometric Derivatives

    RELATED WORKSHEETS: Calculus for Electric Circuits…


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Networks and Busses

Networks and Busses

The wires between the tank and the monitoring location is  called…


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Circuit Components

Circuit Components

Remember that this tutorial is not exhaustive by any means, and that…


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Voltmeter Design

Voltmeter Design

As was stated earlier, most meter movements are sensitive devices.…


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Rectangle Loop Inductance Calculator

Rectangle Loop Inductance Calculator

This calculator helps you compute the inductance of a rectangle loop.


Tools

Clipper and Clamper Circuits

Clipper and Clamper Circuits

Don’t just sit there! Build something!! Learning to mathematically…


Worksheets - Analog

Introduction to AC Motors

Introduction to AC Motors

After the introduction of the DC electrical distribution system by…


Textbook

Digital Signals and Gates

Digital Signals and Gates

While the binary numeration system is an interesting mathematical…


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Synchronous Counters

Synchronous Counters

What is a Synchronous Counter? A synchronous counter, in contrast to…


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Introduction to Solid-state Device Theory

Introduction to Solid-state Device Theory

This chapter will cover the physics behind the operation of…


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AC Lab - LC Tank Circuit

AC Lab - LC Tank Circuit

In this hands-on AC electronics experiment, build a parallel resonant inductor-capacitor circuit and learn about oscillation, resonant frequency, and damping.


Textbook

Introduction to Mixed-Frequency AC Signals

Introduction to Mixed-Frequency AC Signals

In our study of AC circuits thus far, we’ve explored circuits…


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“Long’’ and “Short’’ Transmission Lines

“Long’’ and “Short’’ Transmission Lines

In DC and low-frequency AC circuits, the characteristic impedance of…


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Conductor Size

Conductor Size

It should be common-sense knowledge that liquids flow through…


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